{ "schema": 1, "title": "Northern Bryce", "models": [ { "id": "boat-mesa", "name": "Boat Mesa", "center": [ -112.14557747648571, 37.641989522747 ], "width_m": 1024, "priority": 1, "source_ids": [ "gnis-north", "nps-fairyland" ], "question": "How does a broad cap give way to an edge of fins?", "theme": "A summit with a protective cap", "view_yaw": 1.05, "view_pitch": 0.7, "locator": { "source_id": "gnis-north", "feature_id": 1438979, "role": "summit name locator" }, "surface_method": "classified-ground", "schema": 1, "kind": "landscape-study", "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "geometry_status": "Derived from source-classified ground returns; terrain study, not a closed rock scan", "coordinate_system": { "native_horizontal": "NAD83(2011) / UTM 12N (EPSG:6341)", "ept_horizontal": "WGS84 Pseudo-Mercator (EPSG:3857)", "export_horizontal": "WGS84 / UTM 12N (EPSG:32612)", "vertical": "NAVD88, Geoid12B; source heights retained", "units": "metres", "axes": "x east, y up from base_m, z south", "base_m": 2210, "center_utm": [ 398932.6417894899, 4166711.3333039884 ], "bounds_utm": [ 398420.6417894899, 4166199.3333039884, 399444.6417894899, 4167223.3333039884 ], "bounds_wgs84": [ -112.15145104636265, 37.63731907811533, -112.1397046240529, 37.6466596970009 ], "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "transform_note": "EPT projection transformed with pyproj; no claim of survey-grade datum alignment. Centimetre export quantization is not source accuracy." }, "statistics": { "returns_in_crop": 37786985, "density_returns_per_m2": 36.036, "ground_returns": 9184442, "retained_returns": 9184442, "vegetation_candidate_returns": 13326310, "excluded_noise_or_other": 15872, "directly_observed_node_fraction": 0.9541093365859961, "interpolated_node_fraction": 0.036683651949887715, "unsupported_node_fraction": 0.009207011464116214, "isolated_high_cells_repaired": 9, "maximum_nearest_fill_m": 3.0, "cell_m": 2.0, "source_heights_m": [ 2222.010009765625, 2467.8798828125 ], "surface_heights_m": [ 2222.52001953125, 2463.489990234375 ], "intensity_display_percentiles": [ 1904.0, 12128.0 ], "vertical_surfaces": "An upper envelope can join returns across a steep face; it cannot recover undercuts, windows, or unseen interiors.", "surface_method": "classified-ground", "editorial_exclusion_node_fraction": 0.0, "unsupported_or_excluded_node_fraction": 0.009207011464116214 }, "levels": [ { "file": "small.glb.gz", "bytes": 428610, "uncompressed_bytes": 1110492, "sha256": "c3aa19a10a8bf7bde6c179d4db5b54396b12465b7f3ce2b2acfa5769c619c674", "id": "small", "vertices": 16641, "triangles": 31368, "grid_nodes": 129, "spacing_m": 8.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "balanced.glb.gz", "bytes": 1644766, "uncompressed_bytes": 4443124, "sha256": "2081a0a6bc2d0ed9d572762f39f75ec2b3f141c759d804d5107b70e211e7930c", "id": "balanced", "vertices": 66049, "triangles": 127924, "grid_nodes": 257, "spacing_m": 4.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "detailed.glb.gz", "bytes": 6488272, "uncompressed_bytes": 17772208, "sha256": "cd20d1a1b41c92407d5d484bf40259447c444a5c78b9f9863a1167205601b913", "id": "detailed", "vertices": 263169, "triangles": 515906, "grid_nodes": 513, "spacing_m": 2.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 } ], "returns": { "file": "returns.glb.gz", "bytes": 1257816, "uncompressed_bytes": 2881224, "sha256": "1cba65c102890e1e197aa6ddf6fef14620db63578359afc12b6c2538584ebddf", "count": 120000, "sampling": "fixed seed 20261002, uniform without replacement from valid crop returns" }, "profiles": "profiles.json.gz", "camera": { "yaw": 1.05, "pitch": 0.7, "distance_m": 2195.9778667439246, "target": [ 0, 115.9459457397461, 0 ], "minimum_distance_ratio": 0.85, "useful_range_note": "Landscape inspection only; camera is not permitted to approach a ground-walk distance.", "reference_viewport": [ 1400, 1050 ], "vertical_fov_degrees": 38, "fit_method": "Runtime projects actual active vertices to fit the viewport with a 14 percent frame margin; distance_m records the poster reference view.", "closest_reviewed_distance_ratio": 0.85 }, "bounds_local": [ [ -512.0, 12.52001953125, -512.0 ], [ 512.0, 253.489990234375, 512.0 ] ], "source_dataset": { "id": "USGS_LPC_UT_Southern_QL1_2018_LAS_2019", "acquired": "2018-04-27 / 2018-07-29 project interval", "published": "2019-06-03", "url": "https://registry.opendata.aws/usgs-lidar/", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "credit": "Map services and data available from U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Program." }, "processing": { "mesh": "Source class 2 ground only. Highest retained return per nearest grid node; nearest interpolation up to 3 m; isolated spikes exceeding all 8 neighbors by 6 m lowered to neighbor maximum. No morphological closing.", "vegetation": "Source classes 3/4/5 plus low-intensity multiple echoes and low-intensity raised returns over nearby gentle classified ground are excluded. This is an imperfect heuristic, not a species/rock classifier.", "lighting": "Normals and static 12-direction terrain occlusion are derived; material color, studio lighting and display category colors are illustrative.", "detail": "Three nested node grids; no-data cells omitted at every LOD; low LOD can omit extra edge triangles to preserve holes.", "exclusions": "Elliptical uncertainty masks remove the entire plan footprint around unresolved arch/alcove geometry; all LODs conservatively preserve these holes. They are not measured opening outlines." }, "limitations": [ "Hidden rock surfaces, undercuts and windows are not reconstructed.", "A vertical face is an interpolated connection between top-surface samples, not a wall scan.", "Vegetation filtering can leave crowns or remove dark rock; inspect the return view.", "NAIP is overhead imagery from a different year; it cannot supply photographic detail on vertical faces.", "The cut boundary is an editorial crop; there is no modeled geology beneath it.", "No route, current condition, erosion rate or collapse forecast is inferred." ], "posters": { "large": "poster.webp", "small": "poster-small.webp" }, "quality_status": "accepted_local_educational_landscape", "exclusions": [], "source_acquisition": { "path": "acquisition.json", "points_sha256": "8538862f17447795c8d8e6fee33012909009fe5f9fea63c8ebdc853308cd7b90", "source_object_count": 1045 }, "editorial": { "lede": "A broad summit holds above a landscape cut into fins and hollows.", "body": "Boat Mesa sits south of Fairyland Point. NPS describes a resistant conglomerate cap above the Claron rocks that form the surrounding hoodoos. Turn this new summit-centered crop to follow the contrast between the broad upper surface and its dissected margins.", "lesson": "Move a west-to-east section across the mesa. A relatively gentle upper surface gives way to steeper margins, but the profile measures topography, not cap thickness. This study uses only the survey’s ground class to remove the forest canopy; compare the full return sample to see the difference.", "limit": "The source ground class can omit standing rock; hidden cliff faces remain unresolved. Published geology identifies the conglomerate, but this surface does not map its contact or measure cap thickness.", "caption": "Boat Mesa and its dissected margins, reconstructed from airborne returns. Warm material and illumination are illustrative.", "evidence_title": "Read the break in the skyline", "evidence_note": "The profile shows surface shape at equal horizontal and vertical scale. It cannot show a buried contact or date erosion.", "annotation_title": "Boat Mesa summit locator", "annotation_text": "The USGS named-summit point locates the subject. Its height here is sampled from the derived surface; the point does not define the extent of the mesa." }, "imagery": { "publisher": "USDA Farm Service Agency / FPAC", "dataset": "National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), Utah 2024", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02T09:19:30.306009+00:00", "source_pixels_m": 0.6, "export_pixels": 1707, "export_pixel_m": 0.5998828353837141, "crs": "EPSG:32612", "requested_bounds": [ 398420.6417894899, 4166199.3333039884, 399444.6417894899, 4167223.3333039884 ], "export_extent": { "xmin": 398420.6417894899, "ymin": 4166199.3333039884, "xmax": 399444.6417894899, "ymax": 4167223.3333039884, "spatialReference": { "wkid": 32612, "latestWkid": 32612 } }, "flight_dates": [ "2024-07-23" ], "images": [ { "OBJECTID": 195984, "Name": "m_3711223_se_12_060_20240723", "Category": 1, "year_ts": 2024, "ST": "UT", "QQNAME": "3711223SE060", "QQDATE": 1721692800000, "iDate_ts": 1749744257170 } ], "catalog_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/query?f=json&geometry=%7B%22xmin%22%3A398420.6417894899%2C%22ymin%22%3A4166199.3333039884%2C%22xmax%22%3A399444.6417894899%2C%22ymax%22%3A4167223.3333039884%2C%22spatialReference%22%3A%7B%22wkid%22%3A32612%7D%7D&geometryType=esriGeometryEnvelope&inSR=32612&spatialRel=esriSpatialRelIntersects&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=false&where=Category%3D1+AND+year_ts%3D2024", "export_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=json&bbox=398420.6417894899%2C4166199.3333039884%2C399444.6417894899%2C4167223.3333039884&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=1707%2C1707&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195984%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "direct_image_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=image&bbox=398420.6417894899%2C4166199.3333039884%2C399444.6417894899%2C4167223.3333039884&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=1707%2C1707&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195984%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "original_sha256": "183c6ca1ef4855a61f504dcc619f341e4ff2e5c158cb8a71c7e2dc068fb2bed0", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "license_url": "https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/national-agriculture-imagery-program-naip-imagery", "processing": "Locked 2024 primary rasters, RGB bands 0/1/2, orthographic drape; bilinear export, WebP encoding. No invented detail.", "limitations": "Leaf-on aerial imagery from a different year than the 2018 topography; acquisition shadows, tree crowns and metre-scale registration error remain. Displayed only in the overhead evidence view, never as a wall photograph." }, "sources": [ { "id": "gnis-north", "title": "USGS geographic names: northern Bryce landforms", "publisher": "US Geological Survey / National Geospatial Program", "url": "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/5", "date": null, "rights": "US Government Public Domain", "supports": "Official names and published locators for Boat Mesa, Sinking Ship, Chinese Wall, Bristlecone Point and audited alternatives. Name points are not surveyed feature boundaries.", "evidence": "gnis-north-landforms.json" }, { "id": "nps-fairyland", "title": "Fairyland Point", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/000/fairyland-point.htm", "date": "2024-10-10", "rights": "Paraphrased government text; page photographs not copied", "supports": "Boat Mesa conglomerate cap, Sinking Ship fault interpretation, Fairyland and Campbell Canyon context. No numeric erosion age/rate derived here.", "evidence": "nps-fairyland.html" } ], "annotations": [ { "title": "Boat Mesa summit locator", "text": "The USGS named-summit point locates the subject. Its height here is sampled from the derived surface; the point does not define the extent of the mesa.", "position": [ 0.0, 255.60009765625, 0.0 ], "anchor_surface_elevation_navd88_m": 2460.60009765625, "display_lift_m": 5, "coordinate_source": { "source_id": "gnis-north", "feature_id": 1438979, "role": "summit name locator" }, "height_method": "Nearest fine-grid sample at published locator; display lift is illustrative; no surveyed feature elevation asserted" } ], "static_profile": { "row": 64, "direction": "west to east", "north_offset_m": 0, "minimum_m": 2291.03, "maximum_m": 2460.8, "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "source": "profiles.json.gz" }, "source_coordinate_check": "source-coordinate-check.json", "textures": [ { "file": "aerial.webp", "bytes": 1141992, "sha256": "7d47277862e1f71c2997334135f17785f7844dc8784fd3e91c26e7996cc23529", "role": "separate overhead evidence image, never wall texture" }, { "file": "aerial-small.webp", "bytes": 131498, "sha256": "4fef714d5be02a23a05e4089ec9f01dc26440221c7d9c83dfdb9d6ae67c27fab", "role": "separate overhead evidence image, never wall texture" } ], "quality_record": "quality.json" }, { "id": "sinking-ship", "name": "Sinking Ship", "center": [ -112.1166757533726, 37.64021444009447 ], "width_m": 768, "priority": 1, "source_ids": [ "gnis-north", "nps-fairyland" ], "question": "What can a tilted skyline tell us—and what can a terrain surface not measure?", "theme": "A tilted skyline", "view_yaw": -1.15, "view_pitch": 0.64, "locator": { "source_id": "gnis-north", "feature_id": 1445620, "role": "summit name locator" }, "surface_method": "classified-ground", "schema": 1, "kind": "landscape-study", "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "geometry_status": "Derived from source-classified ground returns; terrain study, not a closed rock scan", "coordinate_system": { "native_horizontal": "NAD83(2011) / UTM 12N (EPSG:6341)", "ept_horizontal": "WGS84 Pseudo-Mercator (EPSG:3857)", "export_horizontal": "WGS84 / UTM 12N (EPSG:32612)", "vertical": "NAVD88, Geoid12B; source heights retained", "units": "metres", "axes": "x east, y up from base_m, z south", "base_m": 2100, "center_utm": [ 401480.205101382, 4166483.6386814294 ], "bounds_utm": [ 401096.205101382, 4166099.6386814294, 401864.205101382, 4166867.6386814294 ], "bounds_wgs84": [ -112.12107945945165, 37.63671266394413, -112.11227245083656, 37.64371606390076 ], "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "transform_note": "EPT projection transformed with pyproj; no claim of survey-grade datum alignment. Centimetre export quantization is not source accuracy." }, "statistics": { "returns_in_crop": 18433800, "density_returns_per_m2": 31.253, "ground_returns": 5458298, "retained_returns": 5458298, "vegetation_candidate_returns": 5225165, "excluded_noise_or_other": 8589, "directly_observed_node_fraction": 0.9692288985404816, "interpolated_node_fraction": 0.025287932849233762, "unsupported_node_fraction": 0.005483168610284646, "isolated_high_cells_repaired": 0, "maximum_nearest_fill_m": 3.0, "cell_m": 1.5, "source_heights_m": [ 2109.909912109375, 2345.8798828125 ], "surface_heights_m": [ 2110.080078125, 2344.719970703125 ], "intensity_display_percentiles": [ 2320.0, 15056.0 ], "vertical_surfaces": "An upper envelope can join returns across a steep face; it cannot recover undercuts, windows, or unseen interiors.", "surface_method": "classified-ground", "editorial_exclusion_node_fraction": 0.0, "unsupported_or_excluded_node_fraction": 0.005483168610284646 }, "levels": [ { "file": "small.glb.gz", "bytes": 428348, "uncompressed_bytes": 1120584, "sha256": "3bab0410be4597c60fa7f1d487d823dd1ebe2dcd6e43701b058c967b8d6ebf0f", "id": "small", "vertices": 16641, "triangles": 32208, "grid_nodes": 129, "spacing_m": 6.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "balanced.glb.gz", "bytes": 1646129, "uncompressed_bytes": 4463548, "sha256": "206c2b1ae42bd203bf96606739d79a5d228f508d4aad32d64250d478c98244c4", "id": "balanced", "vertices": 66049, "triangles": 129626, "grid_nodes": 257, "spacing_m": 3.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "detailed.glb.gz", "bytes": 6479614, "uncompressed_bytes": 17820636, "sha256": "bb723c6f5388f69bdeac49792ab204d1ba6be0cf55ec762b5d10fe1c9ae61b81", "id": "detailed", "vertices": 263169, "triangles": 519942, "grid_nodes": 513, "spacing_m": 1.5, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 } ], "returns": { "file": "returns.glb.gz", "bytes": 1248181, "uncompressed_bytes": 2881228, "sha256": "8bdb324bc45c44e7d6761d89842ad33d65b7d429508200e9865b194fe5314a48", "count": 120000, "sampling": "fixed seed 20261002, uniform without replacement from valid crop returns" }, "profiles": "profiles.json.gz", "camera": { "yaw": -1.15, "pitch": 0.64, "distance_m": 1654.6909670595332, "target": [ 0, 125.389892578125, 0 ], "minimum_distance_ratio": 0.85, "useful_range_note": "Landscape inspection only; camera is not permitted to approach a ground-walk distance.", "reference_viewport": [ 1400, 1050 ], "vertical_fov_degrees": 38, "fit_method": "Runtime projects actual active vertices to fit the viewport with a 14 percent frame margin; distance_m records the poster reference view.", "closest_reviewed_distance_ratio": 0.85 }, "bounds_local": [ [ -384.0, 10.080078125, -384.0 ], [ 384.0, 244.719970703125, 384.0 ] ], "source_dataset": { "id": "USGS_LPC_UT_Southern_QL1_2018_LAS_2019", "acquired": "2018-04-27 / 2018-07-29 project interval", "published": "2019-06-03", "url": "https://registry.opendata.aws/usgs-lidar/", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "credit": "Map services and data available from U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Program." }, "processing": { "mesh": "Source class 2 ground only. Highest retained return per nearest grid node; nearest interpolation up to 3 m; isolated spikes exceeding all 8 neighbors by 6 m lowered to neighbor maximum. No morphological closing.", "vegetation": "Source classes 3/4/5 plus low-intensity multiple echoes and low-intensity raised returns over nearby gentle classified ground are excluded. This is an imperfect heuristic, not a species/rock classifier.", "lighting": "Normals and static 12-direction terrain occlusion are derived; material color, studio lighting and display category colors are illustrative.", "detail": "Three nested node grids; no-data cells omitted at every LOD; low LOD can omit extra edge triangles to preserve holes.", "exclusions": "Elliptical uncertainty masks remove the entire plan footprint around unresolved arch/alcove geometry; all LODs conservatively preserve these holes. They are not measured opening outlines." }, "limitations": [ "Hidden rock surfaces, undercuts and windows are not reconstructed.", "A vertical face is an interpolated connection between top-surface samples, not a wall scan.", "Vegetation filtering can leave crowns or remove dark rock; inspect the return view.", "NAIP is overhead imagery from a different year; it cannot supply photographic detail on vertical faces.", "The cut boundary is an editorial crop; there is no modeled geology beneath it.", "No route, current condition, erosion rate or collapse forecast is inferred." ], "posters": { "large": "poster.webp", "small": "poster-small.webp" }, "quality_status": "accepted_local_educational_landscape", "exclusions": [], "source_acquisition": { "path": "acquisition.json", "points_sha256": "5ff88e9b5b7dd864665062053f734d1d1e3aea3ddefb85e5bd069457e73aa229", "source_object_count": 572 }, "editorial": { "lede": "A slanting skyline stands apart from the larger plateau edge.", "body": "NPS relates Sinking Ship’s tilted appearance to faulting along the eastern edge of the park. This separate crop isolates the formation and the slopes around it. Its shape can be compared with Boat Mesa without mistaking the two features for different views of the same model.", "lesson": "Rotate to the other side, then inspect a section. This study follows the survey’s ground class to avoid treating forest canopy as rock. A ground slope is not automatically the dip of a rock bed, the angle of a fault, or the amount of displacement.", "limit": "The ground class can omit standing rock. No fault plane, bed orientation or contact is inferred from this terrain. Published fault interpretation and measured modern topography are different evidence.", "caption": "The Sinking Ship crop in oblique relief, with the surrounding slopes at true vertical scale.", "evidence_title": "A slope is not a rock-bed angle", "evidence_note": "Compare the surface profile with the NPS interpretation. The model has no measured bedding orientations.", "annotation_title": "Sinking Ship summit locator", "annotation_text": "USGS places the named summit here. The label is anchored to this published location and the sampled upper surface, not to an invented fault plane." }, "imagery": { "publisher": "USDA Farm Service Agency / FPAC", "dataset": "National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), Utah 2024", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02T09:24:06.110163+00:00", "source_pixels_m": 0.6, "export_pixels": 1280, "export_pixel_m": 0.6, "crs": "EPSG:32612", "requested_bounds": [ 401096.205101382, 4166099.6386814294, 401864.205101382, 4166867.6386814294 ], "export_extent": { "xmin": 401096.205101382, "ymin": 4166099.6386814294, "xmax": 401864.205101382, "ymax": 4166867.6386814294, "spatialReference": { "wkid": 32612, "latestWkid": 32612 } }, "flight_dates": [ "2024-07-24" ], "images": [ { "OBJECTID": 195981, "Name": "m_3711224_sw_12_060_20240724", "Category": 1, "year_ts": 2024, "ST": "UT", "QQNAME": "3711224SW060", "QQDATE": 1721779200000, "iDate_ts": 1749744257170 } ], "catalog_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/query?f=json&geometry=%7B%22xmin%22%3A401096.205101382%2C%22ymin%22%3A4166099.6386814294%2C%22xmax%22%3A401864.205101382%2C%22ymax%22%3A4166867.6386814294%2C%22spatialReference%22%3A%7B%22wkid%22%3A32612%7D%7D&geometryType=esriGeometryEnvelope&inSR=32612&spatialRel=esriSpatialRelIntersects&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=false&where=Category%3D1+AND+year_ts%3D2024", "export_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=json&bbox=401096.205101382%2C4166099.6386814294%2C401864.205101382%2C4166867.6386814294&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=1280%2C1280&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195981%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "direct_image_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=image&bbox=401096.205101382%2C4166099.6386814294%2C401864.205101382%2C4166867.6386814294&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=1280%2C1280&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195981%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "original_sha256": "ee2d85febb44bee583b7ca909c42bd9a0c51552fb04ea64688c09ab749fe3514", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "license_url": "https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/national-agriculture-imagery-program-naip-imagery", "processing": "Locked 2024 primary rasters, RGB bands 0/1/2, orthographic drape; bilinear export, WebP encoding. No invented detail.", "limitations": "Leaf-on aerial imagery from a different year than the 2018 topography; acquisition shadows, tree crowns and metre-scale registration error remain. Displayed only in the overhead evidence view, never as a wall photograph." }, "sources": [ { "id": "gnis-north", "title": "USGS geographic names: northern Bryce landforms", "publisher": "US Geological Survey / National Geospatial Program", "url": "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/5", "date": null, "rights": "US Government Public Domain", "supports": "Official names and published locators for Boat Mesa, Sinking Ship, Chinese Wall, Bristlecone Point and audited alternatives. Name points are not surveyed feature boundaries.", "evidence": "gnis-north-landforms.json" }, { "id": "nps-fairyland", "title": "Fairyland Point", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/000/fairyland-point.htm", "date": "2024-10-10", "rights": "Paraphrased government text; page photographs not copied", "supports": "Boat Mesa conglomerate cap, Sinking Ship fault interpretation, Fairyland and Campbell Canyon context. No numeric erosion age/rate derived here.", "evidence": "nps-fairyland.html" } ], "annotations": [ { "title": "Sinking Ship summit locator", "text": "USGS places the named summit here. The label is anchored to this published location and the sampled upper surface, not to an invented fault plane.", "position": [ 0.0, 238.780029296875, 0.0 ], "anchor_surface_elevation_navd88_m": 2333.780029296875, "display_lift_m": 5, "coordinate_source": { "source_id": "gnis-north", "feature_id": 1445620, "role": "summit name locator" }, "height_method": "Nearest fine-grid sample at published locator; display lift is illustrative; no surveyed feature elevation asserted" } ], "static_profile": { "row": 64, "direction": "west to east", "north_offset_m": 0, "minimum_m": 2166.88, "maximum_m": 2334.65, "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "source": "profiles.json.gz" }, "source_coordinate_check": "source-coordinate-check.json", "textures": [ { "file": "aerial.webp", "bytes": 443468, "sha256": "d9dcfdff7f06d36d42b3061d4925af103afb4e56e0e199109e17d314f1b2fc43", "role": "separate overhead evidence image, never wall texture" }, { "file": "aerial-small.webp", "bytes": 89872, "sha256": "11fbf33db11b0e7108982469f4d2b63925f354f6eb7e662d43e0bc0a41dd15a6", "role": "separate overhead evidence image, never wall texture" } ], "quality_record": "quality.json" }, { "id": "china-wall", "name": "China Wall", "alternate_names": [ "Chinese Wall" ], "center": [ -112.1535390112869, 37.63332185329902 ], "width_m": 512, "priority": 1, "source_ids": [ "gnis-north", "nps-china-archive", "usgs-geology" ], "question": "When does a wall begin to read as separate towers?", "theme": "A ridge narrowed into a wall", "view_yaw": 0.75, "view_pitch": 0.58, "locator": { "source_id": "gnis-north", "feature_id": 1439695, "official_name": "Chinese Wall", "role": "cliff name locator" }, "schema": 1, "kind": "landscape-study", "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "surface_method": "upper-envelope", "geometry_status": "Derived from measured airborne returns; upper-envelope terrain study, not a closed rock scan", "coordinate_system": { "native_horizontal": "NAD83(2011) / UTM 12N (EPSG:6341)", "ept_horizontal": "WGS84 Pseudo-Mercator (EPSG:3857)", "export_horizontal": "WGS84 / UTM 12N (EPSG:32612)", "vertical": "NAVD88, Geoid12B; source heights retained", "units": "metres", "axes": "x east, y up from base_m, z south", "base_m": 2230, "center_utm": [ 398218.3944254437, 4165758.2548199575 ], "bounds_utm": [ 397962.3944254437, 4165502.2548199575, 398474.3944254437, 4166014.2548199575 ], "bounds_wgs84": [ -112.15647559644214, 37.630986477595876, -112.15060260541384, 37.63565716146209 ], "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "transform_note": "EPT projection transformed with pyproj; no claim of survey-grade datum alignment. Centimetre export quantization is not source accuracy." }, "statistics": { "returns_in_crop": 7212433, "density_returns_per_m2": 27.513, "ground_returns": 3133723, "retained_returns": 6167762, "vegetation_candidate_returns": 1044671, "excluded_noise_or_other": 3105, "directly_observed_node_fraction": 0.9991374364001839, "interpolated_node_fraction": 0.0008625635998160878, "unsupported_node_fraction": 0.0, "isolated_high_cells_repaired": 29, "maximum_nearest_fill_m": 3.0, "cell_m": 1.0, "source_heights_m": [ 2193.090087890625, 2368.360107421875 ], "surface_heights_m": [ 2246.02001953125, 2368.360107421875 ], "intensity_display_percentiles": [ 5392.0, 12704.0 ], "vertical_surfaces": "An upper envelope can join returns across a steep face; it cannot recover undercuts, windows, or unseen interiors.", "surface_method": "upper-envelope", "editorial_exclusion_node_fraction": 0.0, "unsupported_or_excluded_node_fraction": 0.0 }, "levels": [ { "file": "small.glb.gz", "bytes": 422708, "uncompressed_bytes": 1127308, "sha256": "0bd6ff16b006cd63fb8ceaab961c567e59442403304a26533d9b1268a0910955", "id": "small", "vertices": 16641, "triangles": 32768, "grid_nodes": 129, "spacing_m": 4.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "balanced.glb.gz", "bytes": 1608019, "uncompressed_bytes": 4480904, "sha256": "d7a7306211e0e676dd6d54281bf5a7edf47ad5d5ee063f26c4617a023405c7ce", "id": "balanced", "vertices": 66049, "triangles": 131072, "grid_nodes": 257, "spacing_m": 2.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "detailed.glb.gz", "bytes": 6272154, "uncompressed_bytes": 17872792, "sha256": "01e0b603eeb720ad6da2c73fd3bf4651d975cb063e03c708afd6a94f3f7c2586", "id": "detailed", "vertices": 263169, "triangles": 524288, "grid_nodes": 513, "spacing_m": 1.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 } ], "returns": { "file": "returns.glb.gz", "bytes": 1211848, "uncompressed_bytes": 2881240, "sha256": "92a9333e3206c3e9c4a4ab4cd1814ee2edd6c42bc9b33cd570bae28baddb283f", "count": 120000, "sampling": "fixed seed 20261002, uniform without replacement from valid crop returns" }, "profiles": "profiles.json.gz", "camera": { "yaw": 0.75, "pitch": 0.58, "distance_m": 1018.9092486022333, "target": [ 0, 66.8701171875, 0 ], "minimum_distance_ratio": 0.85, "useful_range_note": "Landscape inspection only; camera is not permitted to approach a ground-walk distance.", "reference_viewport": [ 1400, 1050 ], "vertical_fov_degrees": 38, "fit_method": "Runtime projects actual active vertices to fit the viewport with a 14 percent frame margin; distance_m records the poster reference view.", "closest_reviewed_distance_ratio": 0.85 }, "bounds_local": [ [ -256.0, 16.02001953125, -256.0 ], [ 256.0, 138.360107421875, 256.0 ] ], "source_dataset": { "id": "USGS_LPC_UT_Southern_QL1_2018_LAS_2019", "acquired": "2018-04-27 / 2018-07-29 project interval", "published": "2019-06-03", "url": "https://registry.opendata.aws/usgs-lidar/", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "credit": "Map services and data available from U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Program." }, "processing": { "mesh": "Vegetation heuristic applied to an upper envelope. Highest retained return per nearest grid node; nearest interpolation up to 3 m; isolated spikes exceeding all 8 neighbors by 6 m lowered to neighbor maximum. No morphological closing.", "vegetation": "Source classes 3/4/5 plus low-intensity multiple echoes and low-intensity raised returns over nearby gentle classified ground are excluded. This is an imperfect heuristic, not a species/rock classifier.", "lighting": "Normals and static 12-direction terrain occlusion are derived; material color, studio lighting and display category colors are illustrative.", "detail": "Three nested node grids; no-data cells omitted at every LOD; low LOD can omit extra edge triangles to preserve holes.", "exclusions": "Elliptical uncertainty masks remove the entire plan footprint around unresolved arch/alcove geometry; all LODs conservatively preserve these holes. They are not measured opening outlines." }, "limitations": [ "Hidden rock surfaces, undercuts and windows are not reconstructed.", "A vertical face is an interpolated connection between top-surface samples, not a wall scan.", "Vegetation filtering can leave crowns or remove dark rock; inspect the return view.", "NAIP is overhead imagery from a different year; it cannot supply photographic detail on vertical faces.", "The cut boundary is an editorial crop; there is no modeled geology beneath it.", "No route, current condition, erosion rate or collapse forecast is inferred." ], "posters": { "large": "poster.webp", "small": "poster-small.webp" }, "quality_status": "accepted_local_educational_landscape", "exclusions": [], "source_acquisition": { "path": "acquisition.json", "points_sha256": "6bd061e69a018c1e403d250572836d88e9d10d9fbf97716cc1afe6227bfa9252", "source_object_count": 253 }, "editorial": { "lede": "A long, narrow ridge makes the transition from wall to separate towers legible.", "body": "NPS archives call this feature China Wall; the USGS geographic names record uses Chinese Wall. The study preserves both names. USGS describes Bryce’s thin divides as remnants between eroding gullies. Here, viewing across the ridge and along it reveals very different silhouettes.", "lesson": "Switch between the reconstructed surface and measured returns. A broad ridge is better constrained than a thin crest. The historical NPS photograph provides an independent view of the feature; it supplies neither hidden geometry nor a calibrated change measurement.", "limit": "A narrow fin can be broadened by grid sampling, and gaps beneath a crest remain unresolved. The historical photograph is a separate reference, never a model texture or evidence of a measured erosion rate.", "caption": "The China Wall landscape study. Thin crests are limited by the grid and the airborne view.", "evidence_title": "Follow the wall, then cross it", "evidence_note": "A thin ridge can look continuous from one angle and broken from another. Returns and the source photograph help expose the limits of the surface.", "annotation_title": "China Wall / Chinese Wall", "annotation_text": "Published USGS cliff locator, GNIS 1439695. NPS’s archive uses China Wall. Neither point nor title provides a surveyed wall boundary." }, "imagery": { "publisher": "USDA Farm Service Agency / FPAC", "dataset": "National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), Utah 2024", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02T09:27:34.900549+00:00", "source_pixels_m": 0.6, "export_pixels": 854, "export_pixel_m": 0.5995316159250585, "crs": "EPSG:32612", "requested_bounds": [ 397962.3944254437, 4165502.2548199575, 398474.3944254437, 4166014.2548199575 ], "export_extent": { "xmin": 397962.3944254437, "ymin": 4165502.2548199575, "xmax": 398474.3944254437, "ymax": 4166014.2548199575, "spatialReference": { "wkid": 32612, "latestWkid": 32612 } }, "flight_dates": [ "2024-07-23" ], "images": [ { "OBJECTID": 195984, "Name": "m_3711223_se_12_060_20240723", "Category": 1, "year_ts": 2024, "ST": "UT", "QQNAME": "3711223SE060", "QQDATE": 1721692800000, "iDate_ts": 1749744257170 } ], "catalog_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/query?f=json&geometry=%7B%22xmin%22%3A397962.3944254437%2C%22ymin%22%3A4165502.2548199575%2C%22xmax%22%3A398474.3944254437%2C%22ymax%22%3A4166014.2548199575%2C%22spatialReference%22%3A%7B%22wkid%22%3A32612%7D%7D&geometryType=esriGeometryEnvelope&inSR=32612&spatialRel=esriSpatialRelIntersects&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=false&where=Category%3D1+AND+year_ts%3D2024", "export_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=json&bbox=397962.3944254437%2C4165502.2548199575%2C398474.3944254437%2C4166014.2548199575&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=854%2C854&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195984%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "direct_image_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=image&bbox=397962.3944254437%2C4165502.2548199575%2C398474.3944254437%2C4166014.2548199575&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=854%2C854&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195984%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "original_sha256": "c5492ba9e722c6978a73bef136207a83c8933ebd1594d4079013723a852330e1", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "license_url": "https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/national-agriculture-imagery-program-naip-imagery", "processing": "Locked 2024 primary rasters, RGB bands 0/1/2, orthographic drape; bilinear export, WebP encoding. No invented detail.", "limitations": "Leaf-on aerial imagery from a different year than the 2018 topography; acquisition shadows, tree crowns and metre-scale registration error remain. Displayed only in the overhead evidence view, never as a wall photograph." }, "sources": [ { "id": "gnis-north", "title": "USGS geographic names: northern Bryce landforms", "publisher": "US Geological Survey / National Geospatial Program", "url": "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/5", "date": null, "rights": "US Government Public Domain", "supports": "Official names and published locators for Boat Mesa, Sinking Ship, Chinese Wall, Bristlecone Point and audited alternatives. Name points are not surveyed feature boundaries.", "evidence": "gnis-north-landforms.json" }, { "id": "nps-china-archive", "title": "China Wall from Fairyland Loop: archival photograph", "publisher": "Bryce Canyon National Park Museum and Archives", "author": "Maurice Cope", "url": "https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/855691eb110f4d85aa4e4e0c8671f28d", "date": null, "rights": "Public domain; mandatory credit: Courtesy Bryce Canyon National Park, Photographer Maurice Cope, Museum Catalog Number BRCA 532/001-#191", "supports": "Independent oblique reference and NPS name China Wall. Capture date and camera calibration are not established; not used for mesh geometry, texture or change-rate measurement.", "evidence": "nps-china-archive.html" }, { "id": "usgs-geology", "title": "Geologic map of Bryce Canyon National Park and vicinity: explanatory report", "publisher": "US Geological Survey", "author": "W. E. Bowers", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2108/report.pdf", "date": "1990", "rights": "US Government Public Domain", "supports": "Thin divides, ridges and hoodoos between eroding gullies; named Chinese Wall and Tower Bridge. Historical numerical erosion estimates are not used in this product." } ], "annotations": [ { "title": "China Wall / Chinese Wall", "text": "Published USGS cliff locator, GNIS 1439695. NPS’s archive uses China Wall. Neither point nor title provides a surveyed wall boundary.", "position": [ 0.0, 87.8701171875, 0.0 ], "anchor_surface_elevation_navd88_m": 2312.8701171875, "display_lift_m": 5, "coordinate_source": { "source_id": "gnis-north", "feature_id": 1439695, "official_name": "Chinese Wall", "role": "cliff name locator" }, "height_method": "Nearest fine-grid sample at published locator; display lift is illustrative; no surveyed feature elevation asserted" } ], "static_profile": { "row": 64, "direction": "west to east", "north_offset_m": 0, "minimum_m": 2272.1, "maximum_m": 2325.93, "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "source": "profiles.json.gz" }, "source_coordinate_check": "source-coordinate-check.json", "textures": [ { "file": "aerial.webp", "bytes": 223338, "sha256": "0ed3b8629a3602fe4c2e1714da887fe6c629f7eeb3b6355e15643a2b66e13619", "role": "separate overhead evidence image, never wall texture" }, { "file": "aerial-small.webp", "bytes": 79866, "sha256": "9e5677677cf1a4a14b8ffe9bdeaf04bb0b6ac249f90c9fd82a8c34ac859ea29e", "role": "separate overhead evidence image, never wall texture" } ], "quality_record": "quality.json" }, { "id": "tower-bridge", "name": "Around Tower Bridge", "center": [ -112.1447304, 37.6321 ], "width_m": 512, "priority": 1, "source_ids": [ "nps-tower", "nps-pois", "osm-locators" ], "question": "How can we show the landscape without inventing the arch underneath?", "theme": "Landscape around an unseen opening", "view_yaw": 1.2, "view_pitch": 0.75, "locator": { "source_id": "osm-locators", "node_id": 391696698, "longitude": -112.1447304, "latitude": 37.6316064, "role": "named rock locator; distinct from NPS viewpoint and trailhead", "accuracy": "Not surveyed; checked against official regional mapping. NPS viewpoint is a different feature." }, "exclusions": [ { "id": "tower-bridge-unknown", "center": [ -112.1449, 37.63177 ], "radii_m": [ 70, 60 ], "reason": "Unresolved Tower Bridge arch, pillars and underside. Conservative context mask includes locator disagreement; no opening geometry is invented.", "local_center": [ -15.412056414526887, 36.4311685920693 ], "nodes_omitted": 13203 } ], "schema": 1, "kind": "landscape-study", "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "surface_method": "upper-envelope", "geometry_status": "Derived from measured airborne returns; upper-envelope terrain study, not a closed rock scan", "coordinate_system": { "native_horizontal": "NAD83(2011) / UTM 12N (EPSG:6341)", "ept_horizontal": "WGS84 Pseudo-Mercator (EPSG:3857)", "export_horizontal": "WGS84 / UTM 12N (EPSG:32612)", "vertical": "NAVD88, Geoid12B; source heights retained", "units": "metres", "axes": "x east, y up from base_m, z south", "base_m": 2160, "center_utm": [ 398993.98793796386, 4165613.1693918244 ], "bounds_utm": [ 398737.98793796386, 4165357.1693918244, 399249.98793796386, 4165869.1693918244 ], "bounds_wgs84": [ -112.1476666727532, 37.62976483400713, -112.14179430652037, 37.63443509841972 ], "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "transform_note": "EPT projection transformed with pyproj; no claim of survey-grade datum alignment. Centimetre export quantization is not source accuracy." }, "statistics": { "returns_in_crop": 7940567, "density_returns_per_m2": 30.291, "ground_returns": 2599672, "retained_returns": 6129421, "vegetation_candidate_returns": 1811146, "excluded_noise_or_other": 4846, "directly_observed_node_fraction": 0.9975985013432433, "interpolated_node_fraction": 0.002401498656756685, "unsupported_node_fraction": 0.0, "isolated_high_cells_repaired": 57, "maximum_nearest_fill_m": 3.0, "cell_m": 1.0, "source_heights_m": [ 2177.409912109375, 2295.06005859375 ], "surface_heights_m": [ 2177.52001953125, 2294.35009765625 ], "intensity_display_percentiles": [ 4160.0, 12512.0 ], "vertical_surfaces": "An upper envelope can join returns across a steep face; it cannot recover undercuts, windows, or unseen interiors.", "surface_method": "upper-envelope", "editorial_exclusion_node_fraction": 0.050169282856263465, "unsupported_or_excluded_node_fraction": 0.050169282856263465 }, "levels": [ { "file": "small.glb.gz", "bytes": 421414, "uncompressed_bytes": 1105932, "sha256": "14acde8c605136dab9117a27cc806bf1ab67a3f6fce5e6cee8963bb3abba646d", "id": "small", "vertices": 16641, "triangles": 30988, "grid_nodes": 129, "spacing_m": 4.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "balanced.glb.gz", "bytes": 1608840, "uncompressed_bytes": 4398512, "sha256": "74cb58bc84f22d41f6c0649f3032b39a8461c6328eef2e63ee7883b2da71d7a8", "id": "balanced", "vertices": 66049, "triangles": 124206, "grid_nodes": 257, "spacing_m": 2.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "detailed.glb.gz", "bytes": 6276291, "uncompressed_bytes": 17549652, "sha256": "cdffbea85e88568ac511d0af74b6b1d825b815303a79ba7c41e8d31f3309999e", "id": "detailed", "vertices": 263169, "triangles": 497360, "grid_nodes": 513, "spacing_m": 1.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 } ], "returns": { "file": "returns.glb.gz", "bytes": 1225641, "uncompressed_bytes": 2881236, "sha256": "c0d28cd014542cf80a5eff24b16f60dd3da261e582b55ce821a0acfa0682843b", "count": 120000, "sampling": "fixed seed 20261002, uniform without replacement from valid crop returns" }, "profiles": "profiles.json.gz", "camera": { "yaw": 1.2, "pitch": 0.75, "distance_m": 995.8822583909587, "target": [ 0, 78.139892578125, 0 ], "minimum_distance_ratio": 0.85, "useful_range_note": "Landscape inspection only; camera is not permitted to approach a ground-walk distance.", "reference_viewport": [ 1400, 1050 ], "vertical_fov_degrees": 38, "fit_method": "Runtime projects actual active vertices to fit the viewport with a 14 percent frame margin; distance_m records the poster reference view.", "closest_reviewed_distance_ratio": 0.85 }, "bounds_local": [ [ -256.0, 17.52001953125, -256.0 ], [ 256.0, 134.35009765625, 256.0 ] ], "source_dataset": { "id": "USGS_LPC_UT_Southern_QL1_2018_LAS_2019", "acquired": "2018-04-27 / 2018-07-29 project interval", "published": "2019-06-03", "url": "https://registry.opendata.aws/usgs-lidar/", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "credit": "Map services and data available from U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Program." }, "processing": { "mesh": "Vegetation heuristic applied to an upper envelope. Highest retained return per nearest grid node; nearest interpolation up to 3 m; isolated spikes exceeding all 8 neighbors by 6 m lowered to neighbor maximum. No morphological closing.", "vegetation": "Source classes 3/4/5 plus low-intensity multiple echoes and low-intensity raised returns over nearby gentle classified ground are excluded. This is an imperfect heuristic, not a species/rock classifier.", "lighting": "Normals and static 12-direction terrain occlusion are derived; material color, studio lighting and display category colors are illustrative.", "detail": "Three nested node grids; no-data cells omitted at every LOD; low LOD can omit extra edge triangles to preserve holes.", "exclusions": "Elliptical uncertainty masks remove the entire plan footprint around unresolved arch/alcove geometry; all LODs conservatively preserve these holes. They are not measured opening outlines." }, "limitations": [ "Hidden rock surfaces, undercuts and windows are not reconstructed.", "A vertical face is an interpolated connection between top-surface samples, not a wall scan.", "Vegetation filtering can leave crowns or remove dark rock; inspect the return view.", "NAIP is overhead imagery from a different year; it cannot supply photographic detail on vertical faces.", "The cut boundary is an editorial crop; there is no modeled geology beneath it.", "No route, current condition, erosion rate or collapse forecast is inferred." ], "posters": { "large": "poster.webp", "small": "poster-small.webp" }, "quality_status": "accepted_local_educational_landscape", "source_acquisition": { "path": "acquisition.json", "points_sha256": "6e89f898524d68e3fa80ea5a502fdf8411a78dc77714c74ee88f2a96416a9223", "source_object_count": 262 }, "editorial": { "lede": "The surrounding ridges are visible from above. The arch’s underside needs a different survey.", "body": "Tower Bridge is a named hoodoo reached from the southern part of Fairyland Loop. This exhibit studies its surrounding terrain. A deliberate gap removes the arch area from the surface so an overhead grid cannot quietly turn the opening into solid rock.", "lesson": "Use the return view to inspect what the aircraft actually recorded, then switch back to coverage. The gap is an uncertainty mask, not the shape of the real opening. A ground scan would need converging views of the pillars, openings and underside.", "limit": "Tower Bridge itself is not reconstructed. The conservative exclusion includes disagreement between published locator roles. NPS’s viewpoint and trailhead are separate from the named rock and are not substituted for it.", "caption": "Landscape around Tower Bridge. The deliberate opening in this model marks excluded, unresolved arch geometry; it is not a model of the natural opening.", "evidence_title": "An honest gap in the surface", "evidence_note": "The return sample preserves measured positions inside the omitted area. Scattered overhead returns do not establish a complete underside.", "annotation_title": "Arch area deliberately omitted", "annotation_text": "This conservative mask covers the named Tower Bridge rock and locator uncertainty. The missing surface is an editorial coverage boundary, not measured empty space." }, "imagery": { "publisher": "USDA Farm Service Agency / FPAC", "dataset": "National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), Utah 2024", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02T09:29:53.239997+00:00", "source_pixels_m": 0.6, "export_pixels": 854, "export_pixel_m": 0.5995316159250585, "crs": "EPSG:32612", "requested_bounds": [ 398737.98793796386, 4165357.1693918244, 399249.98793796386, 4165869.1693918244 ], "export_extent": { "xmin": 398737.98793796386, "ymin": 4165357.1693918244, "xmax": 399249.98793796386, "ymax": 4165869.1693918244, "spatialReference": { "wkid": 32612, "latestWkid": 32612 } }, "flight_dates": [ "2024-07-23" ], "images": [ { "OBJECTID": 195984, "Name": "m_3711223_se_12_060_20240723", "Category": 1, "year_ts": 2024, "ST": "UT", "QQNAME": "3711223SE060", "QQDATE": 1721692800000, "iDate_ts": 1749744257170 } ], "catalog_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/query?f=json&geometry=%7B%22xmin%22%3A398737.98793796386%2C%22ymin%22%3A4165357.1693918244%2C%22xmax%22%3A399249.98793796386%2C%22ymax%22%3A4165869.1693918244%2C%22spatialReference%22%3A%7B%22wkid%22%3A32612%7D%7D&geometryType=esriGeometryEnvelope&inSR=32612&spatialRel=esriSpatialRelIntersects&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=false&where=Category%3D1+AND+year_ts%3D2024", "export_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=json&bbox=398737.98793796386%2C4165357.1693918244%2C399249.98793796386%2C4165869.1693918244&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=854%2C854&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195984%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "direct_image_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=image&bbox=398737.98793796386%2C4165357.1693918244%2C399249.98793796386%2C4165869.1693918244&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=854%2C854&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195984%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "original_sha256": "f19c4107e273952a2d001e1db34bcaaca74353855b604a56cb0e51dc1db0ef08", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "license_url": "https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/national-agriculture-imagery-program-naip-imagery", "processing": "Locked 2024 primary rasters, RGB bands 0/1/2, orthographic drape; bilinear export, WebP encoding. No invented detail.", "limitations": "Leaf-on aerial imagery from a different year than the 2018 topography; acquisition shadows, tree crowns and metre-scale registration error remain. Displayed only in the overhead evidence view, never as a wall photograph." }, "sources": [ { "id": "nps-tower", "title": "Tower Bridge", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/thingstodo/tower-bridge.htm", "date": "2024-10-10", "rights": "Paraphrased government text; no photograph copied", "supports": "Official identity and relation to southern Fairyland Loop; not a ground-scan record.", "evidence": "nps-tower.html" }, { "id": "nps-pois", "title": "NPS public points of interest", "publisher": "NPS National Geospatial Program", "url": "https://mapservices.nps.gov/arcgis/rest/services/NationalDatasets/NPS_Public_POIs/FeatureServer/0", "date": null, "rights": "Unrestricted public government mapping; source methods retained; no claim to original US Government works", "supports": "Distinct waterfall, cave, viewpoint and trailhead roles. Waterfall 1994 and cave 5289 agree closely with independently mapped OSM positions. Tower viewpoint 4362 is distinct from the rock locator.", "evidence": "nps-public-locators.json" }, { "id": "osm-locators", "title": "Tower Bridge and Mossy Cave named locators", "publisher": "OpenStreetMap contributors", "url": "https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright", "date": "2026-10-02", "rights": "ODbL 1.0; copyright OpenStreetMap contributors", "supports": "Tower Bridge node 391696698; comparison points for Mossy Cave and Tropic Ditch Falls. These do not replace NPS arrival points.", "evidence": "osm-target-locators.json" } ], "annotations": [ { "title": "Arch area deliberately omitted", "text": "This conservative mask covers the named Tower Bridge rock and locator uncertainty. The missing surface is an editorial coverage boundary, not measured empty space.", "position": [ -15.412056414526887, 54.080078125, 36.4311685920693 ], "anchor_surface_elevation_navd88_m": 2209.080078125, "display_lift_m": 5, "coordinate_source": { "source_id": "osm-locators", "node_id": 391696698, "longitude": -112.1447304, "latitude": 37.6316064, "role": "named rock locator; distinct from NPS viewpoint and trailhead", "accuracy": "Not surveyed; checked against official regional mapping. NPS viewpoint is a different feature." }, "height_method": "Nearest fine-grid sample at published locator; display lift is illustrative; no surveyed feature elevation asserted" } ], "static_profile": { "row": 64, "direction": "west to east", "north_offset_m": 0, "minimum_m": 2182.63, "maximum_m": 2271.31, "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "source": "profiles.json.gz" }, "source_coordinate_check": "source-coordinate-check.json", "textures": [ { "file": "aerial.webp", "bytes": 214484, "sha256": "3fb3acbfa690d6dad04c833570cf044c9666b1171e7db1aa83005262f322dbf7", "role": "separate overhead evidence image, never wall texture" }, { "file": "aerial-small.webp", "bytes": 82198, "sha256": "c07bb7b6f4434f9ce010fcfd0656acec777812a38c09cebf1af43600051f5a4a", "role": "separate overhead evidence image, never wall texture" } ], "quality_record": "quality.json" }, { "id": "mossy-cave-waterfall", "name": "Mossy Cave drainage", "center": [ -112.11435, 37.6646 ], "width_m": 640, "priority": 1, "source_ids": [ "nps-mossy", "nps-mossy-wayside", "nps-pois" ], "question": "Where does a water-cut channel meet the hoodoo landscape?", "theme": "A channel through Water Canyon", "view_yaw": 0.85, "view_pitch": 0.8, "locator": { "source_id": "nps-pois", "object_id": 1994, "longitude": -112.11432971963777, "latitude": 37.6653382694994, "role": "mapped waterfall, not trailhead", "accuracy": "Scaled from imagery and existing trail data; not a surveyed drop location" }, "exclusions": [ { "id": "mossy-cave-unknown", "center": [ -112.11463263651514, 37.663630939270874 ], "radii_m": [ 35, 30 ], "reason": "Mossy Cave alcove and overhang excluded; airborne topography does not resolve its interior.", "local_center": [ -26.206762069952674, 107.22203054325655 ], "nodes_omitted": 2109 } ], "surface_method": "classified-ground", "schema": 1, "kind": "landscape-study", "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "geometry_status": "Derived from source-classified ground returns; terrain study, not a closed rock scan", "coordinate_system": { "native_horizontal": "NAD83(2011) / UTM 12N (EPSG:6341)", "ept_horizontal": "WGS84 Pseudo-Mercator (EPSG:3857)", "export_horizontal": "WGS84 / UTM 12N (EPSG:32612)", "vertical": "NAVD88, Geoid12B; source heights retained", "units": "metres", "axes": "x east, y up from base_m, z south", "base_m": 2060, "center_utm": [ 401717.5524895664, 4169186.79815916 ], "bounds_utm": [ 401397.5524895664, 4168866.79815916, 402037.5524895664, 4169506.79815916 ], "bounds_wgs84": [ -112.11802086409348, 37.661681926121425, -112.11067941648365, 37.66751796797362 ], "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "transform_note": "EPT projection transformed with pyproj; no claim of survey-grade datum alignment. Centimetre export quantization is not source accuracy." }, "statistics": { "returns_in_crop": 11125384, "density_returns_per_m2": 27.162, "ground_returns": 3929988, "retained_returns": 3929988, "vegetation_candidate_returns": 2669343, "excluded_noise_or_other": 5639, "directly_observed_node_fraction": 0.9652694656285504, "interpolated_node_fraction": 0.03154246890781209, "unsupported_node_fraction": 0.0031880654636374343, "isolated_high_cells_repaired": 0, "maximum_nearest_fill_m": 3.0, "cell_m": 1.25, "source_heights_m": [ 2078.449951171875, 2217.110107421875 ], "surface_heights_m": [ 2078.56005859375, 2214.010009765625 ], "intensity_display_percentiles": [ 3248.0, 11584.0 ], "vertical_surfaces": "An upper envelope can join returns across a steep face; it cannot recover undercuts, windows, or unseen interiors.", "surface_method": "classified-ground", "editorial_exclusion_node_fraction": 0.008013861815031406, "unsupported_or_excluded_node_fraction": 0.01120192727866884 }, "levels": [ { "file": "small.glb.gz", "bytes": 422714, "uncompressed_bytes": 1117908, "sha256": "e7a9f6a4c1739f4c5875610db3d52b3295d66faacf54d2de6ee2070b05b1247d", "id": "small", "vertices": 16641, "triangles": 31986, "grid_nodes": 129, "spacing_m": 5.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "balanced.glb.gz", "bytes": 1619332, "uncompressed_bytes": 4454500, "sha256": "365665f49aec8ccfe54b5e126354434d60c55eed3b25f1f05404c1ee02649a21", "id": "balanced", "vertices": 66049, "triangles": 128872, "grid_nodes": 257, "spacing_m": 2.5, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "detailed.glb.gz", "bytes": 6336883, "uncompressed_bytes": 17786704, "sha256": "76f68d0cc810c230b7e33918c4a1764cd20e87168e78da0cf923c47a7180fbb5", "id": "detailed", "vertices": 263169, "triangles": 517114, "grid_nodes": 513, "spacing_m": 1.25, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 } ], "returns": { "file": "returns.glb.gz", "bytes": 1232549, "uncompressed_bytes": 2881224, "sha256": "034fed5944b046689463fdbb6433c6c9b1da00345578f0b8928e4fa51f60ed92", "count": 120000, "sampling": "fixed seed 20261002, uniform without replacement from valid crop returns" }, "profiles": "profiles.json.gz", "camera": { "yaw": 0.85, "pitch": 0.8, "distance_m": 1447.0429859609499, "target": [ 0, 77.449951171875, 0 ], "minimum_distance_ratio": 0.85, "useful_range_note": "Landscape inspection only; camera is not permitted to approach a ground-walk distance.", "reference_viewport": [ 1400, 1050 ], "vertical_fov_degrees": 38, "fit_method": "Runtime projects actual active vertices to fit the viewport with a 14 percent frame margin; distance_m records the poster reference view.", "closest_reviewed_distance_ratio": 0.85 }, "bounds_local": [ [ -320.0, 18.56005859375, -320.0 ], [ 320.0, 154.010009765625, 320.0 ] ], "source_dataset": { "id": "USGS_LPC_UT_Southern_QL1_2018_LAS_2019", "acquired": "2018-04-27 / 2018-07-29 project interval", "published": "2019-06-03", "url": "https://registry.opendata.aws/usgs-lidar/", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "credit": "Map services and data available from U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Program." }, "processing": { "mesh": "Source class 2 ground only. Highest retained return per nearest grid node; nearest interpolation up to 3 m; isolated spikes exceeding all 8 neighbors by 6 m lowered to neighbor maximum. No morphological closing.", "vegetation": "Source classes 3/4/5 plus low-intensity multiple echoes and low-intensity raised returns over nearby gentle classified ground are excluded. This is an imperfect heuristic, not a species/rock classifier.", "lighting": "Normals and static 12-direction terrain occlusion are derived; material color, studio lighting and display category colors are illustrative.", "detail": "Three nested node grids; no-data cells omitted at every LOD; low LOD can omit extra edge triangles to preserve holes.", "exclusions": "Elliptical uncertainty masks remove the entire plan footprint around unresolved arch/alcove geometry; all LODs conservatively preserve these holes. They are not measured opening outlines." }, "limitations": [ "Hidden rock surfaces, undercuts and windows are not reconstructed.", "A vertical face is an interpolated connection between top-surface samples, not a wall scan.", "Vegetation filtering can leave crowns or remove dark rock; inspect the return view.", "NAIP is overhead imagery from a different year; it cannot supply photographic detail on vertical faces.", "The cut boundary is an editorial crop; there is no modeled geology beneath it.", "No route, current condition, erosion rate or collapse forecast is inferred." ], "posters": { "large": "poster.webp", "small": "poster-small.webp" }, "quality_status": "accepted_local_educational_landscape", "source_acquisition": { "path": "acquisition.json", "points_sha256": "e663fd76c1c8d7d21f5daffd7c38014edfe0e83c065e5513ddccc9bbe77fd0d7", "source_object_count": 381 }, "editorial": { "lede": "A narrow watercourse cuts through the northern hoodoo landscape.", "body": "The Mossy Cave trail follows Water Canyon. NPS describes the Tropic Ditch, completed in 1892, as bringing irrigation water through this canyon. The waterfall, the alcove and the trailhead occupy different places; this study keeps them distinct.", "lesson": "Compare the north-up aerial image with the ground-class terrain section. The channel’s surrounding slopes may be measured even where water, vegetation and the cliff below a fall are poorly sampled. No moving water or present-day flow is simulated.", "limit": "The alcove and overhang are deliberately omitted. Neither its interior nor the waterfall’s vertical face, water depth or current flow is reconstructed. NPS asks visitors to protect the alcove and stay out of it.", "caption": "The Water Canyon landscape around Mossy Cave and the waterfall. The alcove footprint is omitted rather than closed by a height surface.", "evidence_title": "Separate channel, waterfall and alcove", "evidence_note": "The marked waterfall is a mapped location, not a surveyed crest or drop-height measurement. The alcove’s missing surface is a coverage limit.", "annotation_title": "Mapped waterfall location", "annotation_text": "NPS public point 1994 locates the waterfall. It is mapped from imagery and existing trail data; no surveyed crest, drop height or current flow is asserted." }, "imagery": { "publisher": "USDA Farm Service Agency / FPAC", "dataset": "National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), Utah 2024", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02T09:34:53.248476+00:00", "source_pixels_m": 0.6, "export_pixels": 1067, "export_pixel_m": 0.5998125585754451, "crs": "EPSG:32612", "requested_bounds": [ 401397.5524895664, 4168866.79815916, 402037.5524895664, 4169506.79815916 ], "export_extent": { "xmin": 401397.5524895664, "ymin": 4168866.79815916, "xmax": 402037.5524895664, "ymax": 4169506.79815916, "spatialReference": { "wkid": 32612, "latestWkid": 32612 } }, "flight_dates": [ "2024-07-24" ], "images": [ { "OBJECTID": 195981, "Name": "m_3711224_sw_12_060_20240724", "Category": 1, "year_ts": 2024, "ST": "UT", "QQNAME": "3711224SW060", "QQDATE": 1721779200000, "iDate_ts": 1749744257170 } ], "catalog_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/query?f=json&geometry=%7B%22xmin%22%3A401397.5524895664%2C%22ymin%22%3A4168866.79815916%2C%22xmax%22%3A402037.5524895664%2C%22ymax%22%3A4169506.79815916%2C%22spatialReference%22%3A%7B%22wkid%22%3A32612%7D%7D&geometryType=esriGeometryEnvelope&inSR=32612&spatialRel=esriSpatialRelIntersects&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=false&where=Category%3D1+AND+year_ts%3D2024", "export_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=json&bbox=401397.5524895664%2C4168866.79815916%2C402037.5524895664%2C4169506.79815916&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=1067%2C1067&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195981%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "direct_image_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=image&bbox=401397.5524895664%2C4168866.79815916%2C402037.5524895664%2C4169506.79815916&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=1067%2C1067&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195981%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "original_sha256": "14a1f378008fedd28550878a44f91be26e09699470d0e4b2d7456d9c3a8e17b6", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "license_url": "https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/national-agriculture-imagery-program-naip-imagery", "processing": "Locked 2024 primary rasters, RGB bands 0/1/2, orthographic drape; bilinear export, WebP encoding. No invented detail.", "limitations": "Leaf-on aerial imagery from a different year than the 2018 topography; acquisition shadows, tree crowns and metre-scale registration error remain. Displayed only in the overhead evidence view, never as a wall photograph." }, "sources": [ { "id": "nps-mossy", "title": "Mossy Cave / Water Canyon", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/000/mossy-cave.htm", "date": "2024-10-10", "rights": "Paraphrased government text; no photograph copied", "supports": "Water Canyon identity, Tropic Ditch completion in 1892 and irrigation context. Historical description does not establish current flow.", "evidence": "nps-mossy.html" }, { "id": "nps-mossy-wayside", "title": "Mossy Cave wayside", "publisher": "National Park Service", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/mossy-cave-wayside.htm", "date": "2024-10-10", "rights": "Paraphrased government text; no photograph copied", "supports": "Alcove formation by seeping water and protection request to remain outside.", "evidence": "nps-mossy-wayside.html" }, { "id": "nps-pois", "title": "NPS public points of interest", "publisher": "NPS National Geospatial Program", "url": "https://mapservices.nps.gov/arcgis/rest/services/NationalDatasets/NPS_Public_POIs/FeatureServer/0", "date": null, "rights": "Unrestricted public government mapping; source methods retained; no claim to original US Government works", "supports": "Distinct waterfall, cave, viewpoint and trailhead roles. Waterfall 1994 and cave 5289 agree closely with independently mapped OSM positions. Tower viewpoint 4362 is distinct from the rock locator.", "evidence": "nps-public-locators.json" } ], "annotations": [ { "title": "Mapped waterfall location", "text": "NPS public point 1994 locates the waterfall. It is mapped from imagery and existing trail data; no surveyed crest, drop height or current flow is asserted.", "position": [ 2.762291619204916, 49.1201171875, -81.89056670386344 ], "anchor_surface_elevation_navd88_m": 2104.1201171875, "display_lift_m": 5, "coordinate_source": { "source_id": "nps-pois", "object_id": 1994, "longitude": -112.11432971963777, "latitude": 37.6653382694994, "role": "mapped waterfall, not trailhead", "accuracy": "Scaled from imagery and existing trail data; not a surveyed drop location" }, "height_method": "Nearest fine-grid sample at published locator; display lift is illustrative; no surveyed feature elevation asserted" }, { "title": "Alcove area omitted", "text": "NPS cave point 5289 locates this separate feature. Its interior and overhang are omitted; the ellipse is not a measured cave outline.", "position": [ -26.206762069952674, 64.14990234375, 107.22203054325655 ], "anchor_surface_elevation_navd88_m": 2119.14990234375, "display_lift_m": 5, "coordinate_source": { "source_id": "nps-pois", "object_id": 5289, "role": "cave locator; stated mapping accuracy >=5 m and <14 m" }, "height_method": "Nearest fine-grid sample at published locator; display lift is illustrative; no surveyed feature elevation asserted" } ], "static_profile": { "row": 64, "direction": "west to east", "north_offset_m": 0, "minimum_m": 2087.05, "maximum_m": 2194.99, "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "source": "profiles.json.gz" }, "source_coordinate_check": "source-coordinate-check.json", "textures": [ { "file": "aerial.webp", "bytes": 355768, "sha256": "d6988cd6ec5fc30fd61f48f69de9626dfb5447c9617d71cc4051654683b0d778", "role": "separate overhead evidence image, never wall texture" }, { "file": "aerial-small.webp", "bytes": 91152, "sha256": "9870c1b200d7b2e03b5fefa65a0b5fd1294dae374df33361999dd470dc8813fc", "role": "separate overhead evidence image, never wall texture" } ], "quality_record": "quality.json" }, { "id": "bristlecone-point", "name": "Bristlecone Point", "center": [ -112.1336, 37.62504 ], "width_m": 640, "priority": 2, "source_ids": [ "gnis-north", "usgs-field-guide" ], "question": "How does an isolated ridge divide the surrounding hollows?", "theme": "A ridge between drainages", "view_yaw": -0.95, "view_pitch": 0.67, "locator": { "source_id": "gnis-north", "feature_id": 1439124, "role": "summit represented by two published locators; editorial crop contains both", "accuracy": "Named-feature coordinates, not a surveyed boundary" }, "surface_method": "classified-ground", "schema": 1, "kind": "landscape-study", "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "geometry_status": "Derived from source-classified ground returns; terrain study, not a closed rock scan", "coordinate_system": { "native_horizontal": "NAD83(2011) / UTM 12N (EPSG:6341)", "ept_horizontal": "WGS84 Pseudo-Mercator (EPSG:3857)", "export_horizontal": "WGS84 / UTM 12N (EPSG:32612)", "vertical": "NAVD88, Geoid12B; source heights retained", "units": "metres", "axes": "x east, y up from base_m, z south", "base_m": 2200, "center_utm": [ 399966.6556083468, 4164817.933331676 ], "bounds_utm": [ 399646.6556083468, 4164497.933331676, 400286.6556083468, 4165137.933331676 ], "bounds_wgs84": [ -112.13726959874177, 37.62212136488319, -112.12993068127977, 37.62795852949017 ], "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "transform_note": "EPT projection transformed with pyproj; no claim of survey-grade datum alignment. Centimetre export quantization is not source accuracy." }, "statistics": { "returns_in_crop": 12260086, "density_returns_per_m2": 29.932, "ground_returns": 4260247, "retained_returns": 4260247, "vegetation_candidate_returns": 2753955, "excluded_noise_or_other": 6531, "directly_observed_node_fraction": 0.9462512681964821, "interpolated_node_fraction": 0.04366395738099852, "unsupported_node_fraction": 0.01008477442251937, "isolated_high_cells_repaired": 0, "maximum_nearest_fill_m": 3.0, "cell_m": 1.25, "source_heights_m": [ 2216.5400390625, 2383.820068359375 ], "surface_heights_m": [ 2216.580078125, 2378.60009765625 ], "intensity_display_percentiles": [ 4784.0, 16720.0 ], "vertical_surfaces": "An upper envelope can join returns across a steep face; it cannot recover undercuts, windows, or unseen interiors.", "surface_method": "classified-ground", "editorial_exclusion_node_fraction": 0.0, "unsupported_or_excluded_node_fraction": 0.01008477442251937 }, "levels": [ { "file": "small.glb.gz", "bytes": 426334, "uncompressed_bytes": 1115404, "sha256": "e9f4adb2c5e0fe814a7e3b9801ff0fda7ee380b0f310834cdfd72938b68f8812", "id": "small", "vertices": 16641, "triangles": 31776, "grid_nodes": 129, "spacing_m": 5.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "balanced.glb.gz", "bytes": 1629308, "uncompressed_bytes": 4451432, "sha256": "3db3ad5558cc6d9cbb33f2e37bf5bc32de787a975e3583c37a0a3d4f83d4a8f6", "id": "balanced", "vertices": 66049, "triangles": 128616, "grid_nodes": 257, "spacing_m": 2.5, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "detailed.glb.gz", "bytes": 6382952, "uncompressed_bytes": 17784300, "sha256": "c03a798963c7c6181529a2d3bad67eb24385b7cd4830e6bcc17d06db75c0a76c", "id": "detailed", "vertices": 263169, "triangles": 516914, "grid_nodes": 513, "spacing_m": 1.25, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 } ], "returns": { "file": "returns.glb.gz", "bytes": 1240138, "uncompressed_bytes": 2881232, "sha256": "dd786736404a05199f9dc811fc6cbe66dd5e8f118782f4cc176a766cc9b01335", "count": 120000, "sampling": "fixed seed 20261002, uniform without replacement from valid crop returns" }, "profiles": "profiles.json.gz", "camera": { "yaw": -0.95, "pitch": 0.67, "distance_m": 1376.0307187330354, "target": [ 0, 130.10009765625, 0 ], "minimum_distance_ratio": 0.85, "useful_range_note": "Landscape inspection only; camera is not permitted to approach a ground-walk distance.", "reference_viewport": [ 1400, 1050 ], "vertical_fov_degrees": 38, "fit_method": "Runtime projects actual active vertices to fit the viewport with a 14 percent frame margin; distance_m records the poster reference view.", "closest_reviewed_distance_ratio": 0.85 }, "bounds_local": [ [ -320.0, 16.580078125, -320.0 ], [ 320.0, 178.60009765625, 320.0 ] ], "source_dataset": { "id": "USGS_LPC_UT_Southern_QL1_2018_LAS_2019", "acquired": "2018-04-27 / 2018-07-29 project interval", "published": "2019-06-03", "url": "https://registry.opendata.aws/usgs-lidar/", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "credit": "Map services and data available from U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Program." }, "processing": { "mesh": "Source class 2 ground only. Highest retained return per nearest grid node; nearest interpolation up to 3 m; isolated spikes exceeding all 8 neighbors by 6 m lowered to neighbor maximum. No morphological closing.", "vegetation": "Source classes 3/4/5 plus low-intensity multiple echoes and low-intensity raised returns over nearby gentle classified ground are excluded. This is an imperfect heuristic, not a species/rock classifier.", "lighting": "Normals and static 12-direction terrain occlusion are derived; material color, studio lighting and display category colors are illustrative.", "detail": "Three nested node grids; no-data cells omitted at every LOD; low LOD can omit extra edge triangles to preserve holes.", "exclusions": "Elliptical uncertainty masks remove the entire plan footprint around unresolved arch/alcove geometry; all LODs conservatively preserve these holes. They are not measured opening outlines." }, "limitations": [ "Hidden rock surfaces, undercuts and windows are not reconstructed.", "A vertical face is an interpolated connection between top-surface samples, not a wall scan.", "Vegetation filtering can leave crowns or remove dark rock; inspect the return view.", "NAIP is overhead imagery from a different year; it cannot supply photographic detail on vertical faces.", "The cut boundary is an editorial crop; there is no modeled geology beneath it.", "No route, current condition, erosion rate or collapse forecast is inferred." ], "posters": { "large": "poster.webp", "small": "poster-small.webp" }, "quality_status": "accepted_local_educational_landscape", "exclusions": [], "source_acquisition": { "path": "acquisition.json", "points_sha256": "791d08678e35be7039097dcd8ab14501d8f3b4dc6d2795a2519baf9fb2728ff7", "source_object_count": 388 }, "editorial": { "lede": "A separate ridge rises between the surrounding hollows.", "body": "USGS identifies Bristlecone Point east of the main amphitheater. Two published summit locators fall within this crop. The exhibit follows the ridge’s topographic form, complementing Boat Mesa’s broader upper surface without implying that a place name identifies the trees visible today.", "lesson": "Move the section from north to south and compare the ridge width and neighboring lows. The surface uses the survey’s ground class; the full return view includes vegetation. Display categories do not identify species.", "limit": "This is Bristlecone Point, not Bristlecone Loop near Rainbow Point. The ground class may omit standing rock; no tree species, tree age, trail or rock contact is inferred.", "caption": "The isolated Bristlecone Point landscape study, distinct from the southern Bristlecone Loop.", "evidence_title": "A ridge rather than a route", "evidence_note": "Sections measure modern surface form. They do not establish a walkable line, vegetation species or the underlying stratigraphy.", "annotation_title": "Bristlecone Point name locators", "annotation_text": "The USGS summit record has two points about 145 m apart. Both lie in this crop; the label marks their midpoint, not a surveyed boundary." }, "imagery": { "publisher": "USDA Farm Service Agency / FPAC", "dataset": "National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), Utah 2024", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02T09:37:58.070411+00:00", "source_pixels_m": 0.6, "export_pixels": 1067, "export_pixel_m": 0.5998125585754451, "crs": "EPSG:32612", "requested_bounds": [ 399646.6556083468, 4164497.933331676, 400286.6556083468, 4165137.933331676 ], "export_extent": { "xmin": 399646.6556083468, "ymin": 4164497.933331676, "xmax": 400286.6556083468, "ymax": 4165137.933331676, "spatialReference": { "wkid": 32612, "latestWkid": 32612 } }, "flight_dates": [ "2024-07-23" ], "images": [ { "OBJECTID": 195950, "Name": "m_3711231_ne_12_060_20240723", "Category": 1, "year_ts": 2024, "ST": "UT", "QQNAME": "3711231NE060", "QQDATE": 1721692800000, "iDate_ts": 1749744257170 }, { "OBJECTID": 195984, "Name": "m_3711223_se_12_060_20240723", "Category": 1, "year_ts": 2024, "ST": "UT", "QQNAME": "3711223SE060", "QQDATE": 1721692800000, "iDate_ts": 1749744257170 } ], "catalog_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/query?f=json&geometry=%7B%22xmin%22%3A399646.6556083468%2C%22ymin%22%3A4164497.933331676%2C%22xmax%22%3A400286.6556083468%2C%22ymax%22%3A4165137.933331676%2C%22spatialReference%22%3A%7B%22wkid%22%3A32612%7D%7D&geometryType=esriGeometryEnvelope&inSR=32612&spatialRel=esriSpatialRelIntersects&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=false&where=Category%3D1+AND+year_ts%3D2024", "export_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=json&bbox=399646.6556083468%2C4164497.933331676%2C400286.6556083468%2C4165137.933331676&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=1067%2C1067&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195950%2C195984%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "direct_image_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=image&bbox=399646.6556083468%2C4164497.933331676%2C400286.6556083468%2C4165137.933331676&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=1067%2C1067&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195950%2C195984%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "original_sha256": "56d3308fbf1af6c6e82519d802bb77b3eabb72e7bcc8ed44f684230a16d77748", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "license_url": "https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/national-agriculture-imagery-program-naip-imagery", "processing": "Locked 2024 primary rasters, RGB bands 0/1/2, orthographic drape; bilinear export, WebP encoding. No invented detail.", "limitations": "Leaf-on aerial imagery from a different year than the 2018 topography; acquisition shadows, tree crowns and metre-scale registration error remain. Displayed only in the overhead evidence view, never as a wall photograph." }, "sources": [ { "id": "gnis-north", "title": "USGS geographic names: northern Bryce landforms", "publisher": "US Geological Survey / National Geospatial Program", "url": "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/5", "date": null, "rights": "US Government Public Domain", "supports": "Official names and published locators for Boat Mesa, Sinking Ship, Chinese Wall, Bristlecone Point and audited alternatives. Name points are not surveyed feature boundaries.", "evidence": "gnis-north-landforms.json" }, { "id": "usgs-field-guide", "title": "The geology of the Grand Staircase in southern Utah: a road log and guide for public school teachers", "publisher": "USGS-hosted GSA 2002 Rocky Mountain Section field guide", "author": "Larry E. Davis and Robert L. Eves", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0172/pdf/chap6.pdf", "date": "2002", "rights": "Reference only; no third-party chapter map or photograph reproduced. Hosting on a government domain is not used as a copyright determination.", "supports": "Regional map identity for Bristlecone Point and northern landmarks; no modern route or operational status inferred.", "evidence": "usgs-field-guide.pdf" } ], "annotations": [ { "title": "Bristlecone Point name locators", "text": "The USGS summit record has two points about 145 m apart. Both lie in this crop; the label marks their midpoint, not a surveyed boundary.", "position": [ 0.0, 166.909912109375, 0.0 ], "anchor_surface_elevation_navd88_m": 2361.909912109375, "display_lift_m": 5, "coordinate_source": { "source_id": "gnis-north", "feature_id": 1439124, "role": "summit represented by two published locators; editorial crop contains both", "accuracy": "Named-feature coordinates, not a surveyed boundary" }, "height_method": "Nearest fine-grid sample at published locator; display lift is illustrative; no surveyed feature elevation asserted" } ], "static_profile": { "row": 64, "direction": "west to east", "north_offset_m": 0, "minimum_m": 2269.7, "maximum_m": 2371.21, "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "source": "profiles.json.gz" }, "source_coordinate_check": "source-coordinate-check.json", "textures": [ { "file": "aerial.webp", "bytes": 334504, "sha256": "901604818a25ac61739d5ae862fdbae2406bf1a6023da30922b6cf58cb1b90bf", "role": "separate overhead evidence image, never wall texture" }, { "file": "aerial-small.webp", "bytes": 93752, "sha256": "c71de881d071ce8c7623596e42155c05cb2dea9c89f25538fd164657acdcd4bb", "role": "separate overhead evidence image, never wall texture" } ], "quality_record": "quality.json" } ], "source_ledger": "sources.json", "footprint_audit": "footprint-independence.json", "checked_at": "2026-10-02" }