{ "schema": 1, "title": "South along the plateau", "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "models": [ { "id": "hat-shop", "name": "Hat Shop slopes", "group": "Below the main rim", "center": [ -112.1441, 37.5916 ], "width_m": 480, "surface_method": "classified-ground", "source_ids": [ "nps-hat-shop", "nps-pois", "gnis" ], "place_ids": [ "hat-shop" ], "theme": "A slope beneath the standing forms", "question": "What disappears when the survey selects the ground?", "interaction": "returns", "view_yaw": 1.0, "view_pitch": 1.12, "schema": 1, "kind": "landscape-study", "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "geometry_status": "Derived from source-classified ground returns; terrain study, not a closed rock scan", "coordinate_system": { "native_horizontal": "NAD83(2011) / UTM 12N (EPSG:6341)", "ept_horizontal": "WGS84 Pseudo-Mercator (EPSG:3857)", "export_horizontal": "WGS84 / UTM 12N (EPSG:32612)", "vertical": "NAVD88, Geoid12B; source heights retained", "units": "metres", "axes": "x east, y up from base_m, z south", "base_m": 2120, "center_utm": [ 398994.8447595352, 4161118.9977833745 ], "bounds_utm": [ 398754.8447595352, 4160878.9977833745, 399234.8447595352, 4161358.9977833745 ], "bounds_wgs84": [ -112.14685120988555, 37.589410807083816, -112.1413489473641, 37.59378913361264 ], "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "transform_note": "EPT projection transformed with pyproj; no claim of survey-grade datum alignment. 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Highest retained return per nearest grid node; nearest interpolation up to 3 m; isolated spikes exceeding all 8 neighbors by 6 m lowered to neighbor maximum. Interpolated nodes with more than 12 m relief across a 3x3 neighborhood and connected patches smaller than 100 m² are omitted. Directly sampled ground bins otherwise remain, including steep rims. Original returns are unchanged. No morphological closing.", "vegetation": "Source classes 3/4/5 plus low-intensity multiple echoes and low-intensity raised returns over nearby gentle classified ground are excluded. This is an imperfect heuristic, not a species/rock classifier.", "lighting": "Normals and static 12-direction terrain occlusion are derived; material color, studio lighting and display category colors are illustrative.", "detail": "Three nested node grids; no-data cells omitted at every LOD; low LOD can omit extra edge triangles to preserve holes." }, "limitations": [ "Hidden rock surfaces, undercuts and windows are not reconstructed.", "Abrupt interpolated cliff nodes are omitted; connections between directly sampled bins are derived facets, not measured wall surfaces.", "Ground classification can omit standing rock or retain classification errors; inspect the return view.", "NAIP is overhead imagery from a different year; it cannot supply photographic detail on vertical faces.", "The cut boundary is an editorial crop; there is no modeled geology beneath it.", "No route, current condition, erosion rate or collapse forecast is inferred." ], "posters": { "large": "poster.webp", "small": "poster-small.webp", "material": "aerial", "geometry_year": 2018, "imagery_year": 2024, "kind": "actual model render, not a ground photograph" }, "quality_status": "qualified-ground-terrain-with-visible-omissions", "editorial": { "lede": "The hats are small. The slope that carries them is a much larger story.", "body": "Below Bryce Point, the Hat Shop is a cluster of narrow pinnacles with large boulder caps. This study places the group within its surrounding slope. Compare the ground surface with the original laser returns: the survey’s ground classification can omit both vegetation and standing formations.", "lesson": "The selected ground returns describe the hillside. Other source returns may sample a cap or a tree crown; the point cloud alone does not label them as rock. A single-height surface cannot represent a cap and the narrower column beneath it at the same horizontal position.", "limit": "A ground-surface study around Hat Shop, not a complete model of the balanced rocks. Ground classification can omit the pillars; cap undersides, narrow necks and hidden faces remain unresolved.", "caption": "Source-classified ground around Hat Shop. Standing formations can be omitted, and cap undersides are unresolved.", "comparison": "The NPS Hat Shop viewpoint and the GNIS pillar locator are separate mapped points about 137 m apart. Both lie within this crop; neither defines the exact boundary of the group." }, "sources": [ { "id": "nps-hat-shop", "title": "Hat Shop", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/thingstodo/hat-shop.htm", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": "2024-10-10", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "Facts paraphrased and linked. Photograph rights recorded separately per image.", "supports": "Balanced-rock hoodoo identity and relationship to Bryce Point; no operational trail metrics reused." }, { "id": "nps-pois", "title": "NPS Public Points of Interest", "url": "https://mapservices.nps.gov/arcgis/rest/services/NationalDatasets/NPS_Public_POIs/FeatureServer/0", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": "dataset records have individual dates", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "NPS public geospatial data; no endorsement; agency source and accuracy fields preserved", "supports": "Mapped overlook positions; Hat Shop Hoodoos Viewpoint 9513. Accuracy is unknown, scaled or >=14 m for used records. Existing travel coordinates remain unchanged; similar names with different roles are not substituted." }, { "id": "gnis", "title": "Geographic Names — Landforms", "url": "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/5", "publisher": "US Geological Survey", "date": null, "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "US Government Public Domain; USGS National Map terms", "supports": "Independent named-feature locators, including Hat Shop 1441625, Farview 1441016, Piracy 1444459 and Corral Hollow 1439972. Points do not define a feature boundary. Valley records include multiple positions, not a trail polyline." } ], "imagery": { "publisher": "USDA Farm Service Agency / FPAC", "dataset": "National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), Utah 2024", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02T09:10:21.222898+00:00", "source_pixels_m": 0.6, "export_pixels": 800, "export_pixel_m": 0.6, "crs": "EPSG:32612", "requested_bounds": [ 398754.8447595352, 4160878.9977833745, 399234.8447595352, 4161358.9977833745 ], "export_extent": { "xmin": 398754.8447595352, "ymin": 4160878.9977833745, "xmax": 399234.8447595352, "ymax": 4161358.9977833745, "spatialReference": { "wkid": 32612, "latestWkid": 32612 } }, "flight_dates": [ "2024-07-23" ], "images": [ { "OBJECTID": 195950, "Name": "m_3711231_ne_12_060_20240723", "Category": 1, "year_ts": 2024, "ST": "UT", "QQNAME": "3711231NE060", "QQDATE": 1721692800000, "iDate_ts": 1749744257170 } ], "catalog_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/query?f=json&geometry=%7B%22xmin%22%3A398754.8447595352%2C%22ymin%22%3A4160878.9977833745%2C%22xmax%22%3A399234.8447595352%2C%22ymax%22%3A4161358.9977833745%2C%22spatialReference%22%3A%7B%22wkid%22%3A32612%7D%7D&geometryType=esriGeometryEnvelope&inSR=32612&spatialRel=esriSpatialRelIntersects&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=false&where=Category%3D1+AND+year_ts%3D2024", "export_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=json&bbox=398754.8447595352%2C4160878.9977833745%2C399234.8447595352%2C4161358.9977833745&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=800%2C800&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195950%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "direct_image_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=image&bbox=398754.8447595352%2C4160878.9977833745%2C399234.8447595352%2C4161358.9977833745&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=800%2C800&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195950%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "original_sha256": "851de63eeb8f40cac5b9a6a88243b03d8476615ef875057d588b1c7f0b963a5b", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "license_url": "https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/national-agriculture-imagery-program-naip-imagery", "processing": "Locked 2024 primary rasters, RGB bands 0/1/2, orthographic drape; bilinear export, WebP encoding. No invented detail.", "limitations": "Leaf-on aerial imagery draped on 2018 filtered topography; acquisition shadows, tree crowns, temporal differences and metre-scale registration error remain. Cliff faces stretch a top-down pixel; hidden walls are not photographed." }, "visual_review": { "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "views": [ "overview", "left oblique", "right oblique", "nearest allowed", "aerial", "north-up" ], "scope": "Above-terrain ground study only. Visible gaps remain; neither closed cliffs nor cap/neck fidelity is accepted.", "camera_minimum_pitch_degrees": 57.2957795, "camera_minimum_distance_widths": 1.35 } }, { "id": "swamp-canyon", "name": "Swamp Canyon head", "group": "The southern transition", "center": [ -112.212, 37.5858 ], "width_m": 768, "surface_method": "classified-ground", "source_ids": [ "nps-swamp", "nps-pois", "gnis" ], "place_ids": [ "swamp-canyon" ], "theme": "A canyon beneath the canopy", "question": "How does the ground fall away from the rim?", "interaction": "section", "view_yaw": 1.2, "view_pitch": 1.12, "schema": 1, "kind": "landscape-study", "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "geometry_status": "Derived from source-classified ground returns; terrain study, not a closed rock scan", "coordinate_system": { "native_horizontal": "NAD83(2011) / UTM 12N (EPSG:6341)", "ept_horizontal": "WGS84 Pseudo-Mercator (EPSG:3857)", "export_horizontal": "WGS84 / UTM 12N (EPSG:32612)", "vertical": "NAVD88, Geoid12B; source heights retained", "units": "metres", "axes": "x east, y up from base_m, z south", "base_m": 2310, "center_utm": [ 392991.8657405012, 4160550.683755696 ], "bounds_utm": [ 392607.8657405012, 4160166.683755696, 393375.8657405012, 4160934.683755696 ], "bounds_wgs84": [ -112.21640469967524, 37.58229484849404, -112.20759570272925, 37.58930500034746 ], "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "transform_note": "EPT projection transformed with pyproj; no claim of survey-grade datum alignment. Centimetre export quantization is not source accuracy." }, "statistics": { "returns_in_crop": 20138585, "density_returns_per_m2": 34.143, "ground_returns": 5566561, "retained_returns": 5566561, "vegetation_candidate_returns": 7799072, "excluded_noise_or_other": 6691, "directly_observed_node_fraction": 0.9366566730883956, "interpolated_node_fraction": 0.028909180032602625, "unsupported_node_fraction": 0.034434146879001704, "isolated_high_cells_repaired": 2, "source_gap_node_fraction": 0.022643244455083995, "cliff_or_small_patch_omission_fraction": 0.01179090242391771, "maximum_3x3_relief_m": 12.0, "minimum_connected_patch_m2": 100.0, "maximum_nearest_fill_m": 3.0, "cell_m": 1.5, "distance_reference": "Distance between grid-node centers, not exact source-point XY.", "maximum_grid_bin_offset_m": 1.0606601717798212, "maximum_source_xy_distance_bound_m": 4.060660171779821, "source_heights_m": [ 2323.56005859375, 2535.739990234375 ], "surface_heights_m": [ 2323.6201171875, 2517.080078125 ], "intensity_display_percentiles": [ 1952.0, 13728.0 ], "vertical_surfaces": "Abrupt interpolated cliff nodes are omitted; directly sampled bins are retained. 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Highest retained return per nearest grid node; nearest interpolation up to 3 m; isolated spikes exceeding all 8 neighbors by 6 m lowered to neighbor maximum. Interpolated nodes with more than 12 m relief across a 3x3 neighborhood and connected patches smaller than 100 m² are omitted. Directly sampled ground bins otherwise remain, including steep rims. Original returns are unchanged. No morphological closing.", "vegetation": "Source classes 3/4/5 plus low-intensity multiple echoes and low-intensity raised returns over nearby gentle classified ground are excluded. This is an imperfect heuristic, not a species/rock classifier.", "lighting": "Normals and static 12-direction terrain occlusion are derived; material color, studio lighting and display category colors are illustrative.", "detail": "Three nested node grids; no-data cells omitted at every LOD; low LOD can omit extra edge triangles to preserve holes." }, "limitations": [ "Hidden rock surfaces, undercuts and windows are not reconstructed.", "Abrupt interpolated cliff nodes are omitted; connections between directly sampled bins are derived facets, not measured wall surfaces.", "Ground classification can omit standing rock or retain classification errors; inspect the return view.", "NAIP is overhead imagery from a different year; it cannot supply photographic detail on vertical faces.", "The cut boundary is an editorial crop; there is no modeled geology beneath it.", "No route, current condition, erosion rate or collapse forecast is inferred." ], "posters": { "large": "poster.webp", "small": "poster-small.webp", "material": "aerial", "geometry_year": 2018, "imagery_year": 2024, "kind": "actual model render, not a ground photograph" }, "quality_status": "qualified-ground-terrain-with-visible-omissions", "editorial": { "lede": "Beyond the main amphitheater, wooded hollows become part of the view.", "body": "NPS describes Swamp Canyon as a transition from densely packed hoodoos to the cliffs and buttes of southern Bryce. This crop concentrates on the head of the canyon near the overlook. Its ground surface separates the shape of the slope from the canopy above it.", "lesson": "Move a west-to-east section down the crop. Higher ground breaks into hollows with different depths. These are profiles of the source-classified ground surface, not trail elevations, stream measurements or mapped rock layers.", "limit": "Only the overlook sector is included. The full canyon, its spring and downstream drainage are outside this bounded study. Ground classification may omit standing rock and still misses hidden cliff faces.", "caption": "The head of Swamp Canyon near the overlook, derived from the survey's classified-ground returns.", "comparison": "NPS describes wetter vegetation below the rim. The model does not map wetness, identify species or locate a spring." }, "sources": [ { "id": "nps-swamp", "title": "Swamp Canyon", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/000/swamp-canyon.htm", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": "2026-08-15", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "Facts paraphrased and linked. Photograph rights recorded separately per image.", "supports": "Southern landscape transition, overlook identity and broader canyon context; no wetland or species mapping." }, { "id": "nps-pois", "title": "NPS Public Points of Interest", "url": "https://mapservices.nps.gov/arcgis/rest/services/NationalDatasets/NPS_Public_POIs/FeatureServer/0", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": "dataset records have individual dates", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "NPS public geospatial data; no endorsement; agency source and accuracy fields preserved", "supports": "Mapped overlook positions; Hat Shop Hoodoos Viewpoint 9513. Accuracy is unknown, scaled or >=14 m for used records. Existing travel coordinates remain unchanged; similar names with different roles are not substituted." }, { "id": "gnis", "title": "Geographic Names — Landforms", "url": "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/5", "publisher": "US Geological Survey", "date": null, "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "US Government Public Domain; USGS National Map terms", "supports": "Independent named-feature locators, including Hat Shop 1441625, Farview 1441016, Piracy 1444459 and Corral Hollow 1439972. Points do not define a feature boundary. 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This is an imperfect heuristic, not a species/rock classifier.", "lighting": "Normals and static 12-direction terrain occlusion are derived; material color, studio lighting and display category colors are illustrative.", "detail": "Three nested node grids; no-data cells omitted at every LOD; low LOD can omit extra edge triangles to preserve holes." }, "limitations": [ "Hidden rock surfaces, undercuts and windows are not reconstructed.", "Abrupt interpolated cliff nodes are omitted; connections between directly sampled bins are derived facets, not measured wall surfaces.", "Ground classification can omit standing rock or retain classification errors; inspect the return view.", "NAIP is overhead imagery from a different year; it cannot supply photographic detail on vertical faces.", "The cut boundary is an editorial crop; there is no modeled geology beneath it.", "No route, current condition, erosion rate or collapse forecast is inferred." ], "posters": { "large": "poster.webp", "small": "poster-small.webp", "material": "aerial", "geometry_year": 2018, "imagery_year": 2024, "kind": "actual model render, not a ground photograph" }, "quality_status": "qualified-ground-terrain-with-visible-omissions", "editorial": { "lede": "Two overlooks share a ridge. Their views open toward different parts of the plateau edge.", "body": "Farview and Piracy belong in one study: NPS links them by a short path, with Piracy to the north. This local footprint contains both mapped overlooks. Compare the two oblique views, then turn north-up to see the ridge and the beginnings of its adjoining slopes.", "lesson": "NPS uses Piracy Point to explain competition between neighboring drainages. The section lets you inspect local relief; the full Sheep Creek and Willis Creek watersheds extend beyond this crop. No drainage capture date is calculated.", "limit": "One footprint and one exhibit, with two mapped viewpoints. The long-distance Grand Staircase panorama and the full watershed divide are not reconstructed. Camera presets are aerial study views, not photographs from the overlooks.", "caption": "A single terrain footprint around Farview and Piracy Points, showing the shared ridge and nearby slopes.", "comparison": "The published NPS locators are about 273 m apart. They are retained as overlook positions, independently of the editorial mesh center." }, "sources": [ { "id": "nps-farview", "title": "Farview Point", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/000/farview-point.htm", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": "2021-02-01", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "Facts paraphrased and linked. Photograph rights recorded separately per image.", "supports": "Piracy north of Farview and local plateau context; distant panorama is outside the crop." }, { "id": "nps-piracy", "title": "Piracy Point", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/000/piracy-point.htm", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": "2021-01-28", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "Facts paraphrased and linked. Photograph rights recorded separately per image.", "supports": "Sheep Creek and Willis Creek drainage interpretation; no capture date or calibrated watershed simulation." }, { "id": "nps-pois", "title": "NPS Public Points of Interest", "url": "https://mapservices.nps.gov/arcgis/rest/services/NationalDatasets/NPS_Public_POIs/FeatureServer/0", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": "dataset records have individual dates", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "NPS public geospatial data; no endorsement; agency source and accuracy fields preserved", "supports": "Mapped overlook positions; Hat Shop Hoodoos Viewpoint 9513. Accuracy is unknown, scaled or >=14 m for used records. Existing travel coordinates remain unchanged; similar names with different roles are not substituted." }, { "id": "gnis", "title": "Geographic Names — Landforms", "url": "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/5", "publisher": "US Geological Survey", "date": null, "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "US Government Public Domain; USGS National Map terms", "supports": "Independent named-feature locators, including Hat Shop 1441625, Farview 1441016, Piracy 1444459 and Corral Hollow 1439972. Points do not define a feature boundary. 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Highest retained return per nearest grid node; nearest interpolation up to 3 m; isolated spikes exceeding all 8 neighbors by 6 m lowered to neighbor maximum. Interpolated nodes with more than 12 m relief across a 3x3 neighborhood and connected patches smaller than 100 m² are omitted. Directly sampled ground bins otherwise remain, including steep rims. Original returns are unchanged. No morphological closing.", "vegetation": "Source classes 3/4/5 plus low-intensity multiple echoes and low-intensity raised returns over nearby gentle classified ground are excluded. This is an imperfect heuristic, not a species/rock classifier.", "lighting": "Normals and static 12-direction terrain occlusion are derived; material color, studio lighting and display category colors are illustrative.", "detail": "Three nested node grids; no-data cells omitted at every LOD; low LOD can omit extra edge triangles to preserve holes." }, "limitations": [ "Hidden rock surfaces, undercuts and windows are not reconstructed.", "Abrupt interpolated cliff nodes are omitted; connections between directly sampled bins are derived facets, not measured wall surfaces.", "Ground classification can omit standing rock or retain classification errors; inspect the return view.", "NAIP is overhead imagery from a different year; it cannot supply photographic detail on vertical faces.", "The cut boundary is an editorial crop; there is no modeled geology beneath it.", "No route, current condition, erosion rate or collapse forecast is inferred." ], "posters": { "large": "poster.webp", "small": "poster-small.webp", "material": "aerial", "geometry_year": 2018, "imagery_year": 2024, "kind": "actual model render, not a ground photograph" }, "quality_status": "qualified-ground-terrain-with-visible-omissions", "editorial": { "lede": "A forest can hide the slope without changing the height of the ground.", "body": "Ponderosa Canyon is named for trees below the overlook. NPS contrasts these with the mixed conifer forest at the higher rim. Switch between ground, aerial color and source returns to distinguish the elevation of the land from vegetation above it.", "lesson": "The profile samples the ground class from the 2018 survey. The return sample also contains echoes from higher surfaces, and the 2024 aerial image records the canopy. These layers describe different things at different dates.", "limit": "The point cloud does not identify tree species. Aerial color is not a vegetation inventory, and ground filtering can omit standing formations. The full canyon and distant plateau are outside this crop.", "caption": "The ground beneath the Ponderosa Canyon rim, presented without modeled tree crowns.", "comparison": "The forest-zone interpretation comes from NPS. It is context for the measured relief, not a classification produced from image color." }, "sources": [ { "id": "nps-ponderosa", "title": "Ponderosa Canyon", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/000/ponderosa-canyon.htm", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": null, "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "Facts paraphrased and linked. Photograph rights recorded separately per image.", "supports": "Forest zones in relation to elevation and named overlook. Neither species nor geological contacts inferred from color." }, { "id": "nps-pois", "title": "NPS Public Points of Interest", "url": "https://mapservices.nps.gov/arcgis/rest/services/NationalDatasets/NPS_Public_POIs/FeatureServer/0", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": "dataset records have individual dates", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "NPS public geospatial data; no endorsement; agency source and accuracy fields preserved", "supports": "Mapped overlook positions; Hat Shop Hoodoos Viewpoint 9513. Accuracy is unknown, scaled or >=14 m for used records. Existing travel coordinates remain unchanged; similar names with different roles are not substituted." }, { "id": "gnis", "title": "Geographic Names — Landforms", "url": "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/5", "publisher": "US Geological Survey", "date": null, "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "US Government Public Domain; USGS National Map terms", "supports": "Independent named-feature locators, including Hat Shop 1441625, Farview 1441016, Piracy 1444459 and Corral Hollow 1439972. Points do not define a feature boundary. 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No invented detail.", "limitations": "Leaf-on aerial imagery draped on 2018 filtered topography; acquisition shadows, tree crowns, temporal differences and metre-scale registration error remain. Cliff faces stretch a top-down pixel; hidden walls are not photographed." }, "visual_review": { "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "views": [ "overview", "left oblique", "right oblique", "nearest allowed", "aerial", "north-up" ], "scope": "Above-terrain ground study only. 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Highest retained return per nearest grid node; nearest interpolation up to 3 m; isolated spikes exceeding all 8 neighbors by 6 m lowered to neighbor maximum. Interpolated nodes with more than 12 m relief across a 3x3 neighborhood and connected patches smaller than 100 m² are omitted. Directly sampled ground bins otherwise remain, including steep rims. Original returns are unchanged. No morphological closing.", "vegetation": "Source classes 3/4/5 plus low-intensity multiple echoes and low-intensity raised returns over nearby gentle classified ground are excluded. This is an imperfect heuristic, not a species/rock classifier.", "lighting": "Normals and static 12-direction terrain occlusion are derived; material color, studio lighting and display category colors are illustrative.", "detail": "Three nested node grids; no-data cells omitted at every LOD; low LOD can omit extra edge triangles to preserve holes." }, "limitations": [ "Hidden rock surfaces, undercuts and windows are not reconstructed.", "Abrupt interpolated cliff nodes are omitted; connections between directly sampled bins are derived facets, not measured wall surfaces.", "Ground classification can omit standing rock or retain classification errors; inspect the return view.", "NAIP is overhead imagery from a different year; it cannot supply photographic detail on vertical faces.", "The cut boundary is an editorial crop; there is no modeled geology beneath it.", "No route, current condition, erosion rate or collapse forecast is inferred." ], "posters": { "large": "poster.webp", "small": "poster-small.webp", "material": "aerial", "geometry_year": 2018, "imagery_year": 2024, "kind": "actual model render, not a ground photograph" }, "quality_status": "qualified-ground-terrain-with-visible-omissions", "editorial": { "lede": "The plateau edge is divided into smaller hollows before it opens into the larger canyon.", "body": "Black Birch Canyon lies north of Rainbow Point. NPS places it within the southern amphitheater landscape. This overlook-sector crop studies the nearby rim: use the north-up plan to follow higher ridges, then move the section to compare the hollows between them.", "lesson": "The shape changes from one slice to the next because each section crosses a different part of the dissected edge. The scale stays fixed. The name is not evidence of a particular tree species: NPS describes Black Birch as a probable historical misidentification of aspen.", "limit": "This is the overlook sector, not the full named drainage. Larger-scale downstream connections and the distant skyline are outside the model; no route line is inferred.", "caption": "A ground-surface study of the ridges and hollows near Black Birch Canyon overlook.", "comparison": "The correct overlook locator is retained. A differently located NPS parking record with a similar name is excluded from this study." }, "sources": [ { "id": "nps-black-birch", "title": "Black Birch Canyon", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/000/black-birch-canyon.htm", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": "2024-10-10", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "Facts paraphrased and linked. Photograph rights recorded separately per image.", "supports": "Overlook and southern amphitheater context; probable aspen naming confusion." }, { "id": "nps-pois", "title": "NPS Public Points of Interest", "url": "https://mapservices.nps.gov/arcgis/rest/services/NationalDatasets/NPS_Public_POIs/FeatureServer/0", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": "dataset records have individual dates", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "NPS public geospatial data; no endorsement; agency source and accuracy fields preserved", "supports": "Mapped overlook positions; Hat Shop Hoodoos Viewpoint 9513. Accuracy is unknown, scaled or >=14 m for used records. Existing travel coordinates remain unchanged; similar names with different roles are not substituted." }, { "id": "gnis", "title": "Geographic Names — Landforms", "url": "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/5", "publisher": "US Geological Survey", "date": null, "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "US Government Public Domain; USGS National Map terms", "supports": "Independent named-feature locators, including Hat Shop 1441625, Farview 1441016, Piracy 1444459 and Corral Hollow 1439972. Points do not define a feature boundary. 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Visible gaps remain; neither closed cliffs nor cap/neck fidelity is accepted.", "camera_minimum_pitch_degrees": 57.2957795, "camera_minimum_distance_widths": 1.35 } }, { "id": "riggs-spring-corridor", "name": "Riggs Spring corridor", "group": "Beyond the road end", "center": [ -112.2342, 37.4634 ], "width_m": 1024, "surface_method": "classified-ground", "source_ids": [ "nps-riggs", "nps-backcountry", "gnis" ], "place_ids": [], "theme": "The southern backcountry slopes", "question": "How does a wooded valley sit below the high plateau?", "interaction": "section", "view_yaw": 1.4, "view_pitch": 1.12, "schema": 1, "kind": "landscape-study", "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "geometry_status": "Derived from source-classified ground returns; terrain study, not a closed rock scan", "coordinate_system": { "native_horizontal": "NAD83(2011) / UTM 12N (EPSG:6341)", "ept_horizontal": "WGS84 Pseudo-Mercator (EPSG:3857)", "export_horizontal": "WGS84 / UTM 12N (EPSG:32612)", "vertical": "NAVD88, Geoid12B; source heights retained", "units": "metres", "axes": "x east, y up from base_m, z south", "base_m": 2300, "center_utm": [ 390853.52953982295, 4146995.952784525 ], "bounds_utm": [ 390341.52953982295, 4146483.952784525, 391365.52953982295, 4147507.952784525 ], "bounds_wgs84": [ -112.24006454213347, 37.458725451040806, -112.22833616891438, 37.4680742818183 ], "vertical_exaggeration": 1, "transform_note": "EPT projection transformed with pyproj; no claim of survey-grade datum alignment. Centimetre export quantization is not source accuracy." }, "statistics": { "returns_in_crop": 41713279, "density_returns_per_m2": 39.781, "ground_returns": 6939721, "retained_returns": 6939721, "vegetation_candidate_returns": 25129409, "excluded_noise_or_other": 13312, "directly_observed_node_fraction": 0.9799406465047175, "interpolated_node_fraction": 0.018600215070924006, "unsupported_node_fraction": 0.0014591384243584922, "isolated_high_cells_repaired": 0, "source_gap_node_fraction": 0.0006839711364180431, "cliff_or_small_patch_omission_fraction": 0.0007751672879404489, "maximum_3x3_relief_m": 12.0, "minimum_connected_patch_m2": 100.0, "maximum_nearest_fill_m": 3.0, "cell_m": 2.0, "distance_reference": "Distance between grid-node centers, not exact source-point XY.", "maximum_grid_bin_offset_m": 1.414213562373095, "maximum_source_xy_distance_bound_m": 4.414213562373095, "source_heights_m": [ 2311.8798828125, 2668.260009765625 ], "surface_heights_m": [ 2312.219970703125, 2667.090087890625 ], "intensity_display_percentiles": [ 848.0, 11728.0 ], "vertical_surfaces": "Abrupt interpolated cliff nodes are omitted; directly sampled bins are retained. Connecting top-surface samples still does not measure a wall, undercut, window or unseen interior.", "surface_method": "classified-ground" }, "levels": [ { "file": "small.glb.gz", "bytes": 417046, "uncompressed_bytes": 1125116, "sha256": "c3c6fc899cf888163204cf5388140231939ccfe0f146da2aca153524495ffd51", "id": "small", "vertices": 16641, "triangles": 32588, "grid_nodes": 129, "spacing_m": 8.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "balanced.glb.gz", "bytes": 1595939, "uncompressed_bytes": 4475464, "sha256": "8733f5c372585ee68eb0b709719d3c9d1200e92f9842e4f136c674c5041209a7", "id": "balanced", "vertices": 66049, "triangles": 130620, "grid_nodes": 257, "spacing_m": 4.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 }, { "file": "detailed.glb.gz", "bytes": 6282044, "uncompressed_bytes": 17858004, "sha256": "1fdb79a49063819dbd340ed4d21c9eca86ba91e663303886d056e3b5c9cdc823", "id": "detailed", "vertices": 263169, "triangles": 523056, "grid_nodes": 513, "spacing_m": 2.0, "degenerate_triangles": 0, "downward_triangles": 0 } ], "returns": { "file": "returns.glb.gz", "bytes": 1246725, "uncompressed_bytes": 2881232, "sha256": "244a09bf3b08cf50323b8621070ae6e8b582c9b05eae5ee74d2f68619e621ce5", "count": 120000, "sampling": "fixed seed 20261002, uniform without replacement from valid crop returns" }, "profiles": "profiles.json.gz", "coverage": { "image": "coverage.webp", "data": "coverage.json.gz", "nodes": 513, "orientation": "north up; west left" }, "camera": { "yaw": 1.4, "pitch": 1.12, "distance_m": 2048.0, "target": [ 0, 94.97998046875, 0 ], "limits": { "minimum_distance_widths": 1.35, "maximum_distance_widths": 4, "minimum_pitch_radians": 1.0, "maximum_pitch_radians": 1.55 }, "scope": "Above-terrain observation only; no ground-level camera or visitor-viewpoint equivalence." }, "bounds_local": [ [ -512.0, 12.219970703125, -512.0 ], [ 512.0, 367.090087890625, 512.0 ] ], "source_dataset": { "id": "USGS_LPC_UT_Southern_QL1_2018_LAS_2019", "acquired": "2018-04-27 / 2018-07-29 project interval", "published": "2019-06-03", "url": "https://registry.opendata.aws/usgs-lidar/", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "credit": "Map services and data available from U.S. Geological Survey, National Geospatial Program." }, "processing": { "mesh": "Source class 2 ground only. Highest retained return per nearest grid node; nearest interpolation up to 3 m; isolated spikes exceeding all 8 neighbors by 6 m lowered to neighbor maximum. Interpolated nodes with more than 12 m relief across a 3x3 neighborhood and connected patches smaller than 100 m² are omitted. Directly sampled ground bins otherwise remain, including steep rims. Original returns are unchanged. No morphological closing.", "vegetation": "Source classes 3/4/5 plus low-intensity multiple echoes and low-intensity raised returns over nearby gentle classified ground are excluded. This is an imperfect heuristic, not a species/rock classifier.", "lighting": "Normals and static 12-direction terrain occlusion are derived; material color, studio lighting and display category colors are illustrative.", "detail": "Three nested node grids; no-data cells omitted at every LOD; low LOD can omit extra edge triangles to preserve holes." }, "limitations": [ "Hidden rock surfaces, undercuts and windows are not reconstructed.", "Abrupt interpolated cliff nodes are omitted; connections between directly sampled bins are derived facets, not measured wall surfaces.", "Ground classification can omit standing rock or retain classification errors; inspect the return view.", "NAIP is overhead imagery from a different year; it cannot supply photographic detail on vertical faces.", "The cut boundary is an editorial crop; there is no modeled geology beneath it.", "No route, current condition, erosion rate or collapse forecast is inferred." ], "posters": { "large": "poster.webp", "small": "poster-small.webp", "material": "aerial", "geometry_year": 2018, "imagery_year": 2024, "kind": "actual model render, not a ground photograph" }, "quality_status": "qualified-ground-terrain-with-visible-omissions", "editorial": { "lede": "South of the high rim, broad wooded slopes replace the familiar amphitheater view.", "body": "The Riggs Spring Loop enters the forested backcountry below Rainbow and Yovimpa Points. This separate crop studies part of the eastern slope and Corral Hollow setting. It does not repeat the earlier high-rim model or attempt to model the entire loop.", "lesson": "Use the section to read the relief beneath the canopy. Compare it with the broader NPS topographic map: this one-kilometre square is a small part of the loop's landscape. The spring and much of the route are beyond its edges.", "limit": "A corridor landscape, with no delivered trail polyline or water-source location. It cannot establish current trail access, water availability, route distance or hiking ascent. Ground-class gaps remain open.", "caption": "A separate ground-surface crop in the Riggs Spring backcountry, east and below the high southern rim.", "comparison": "NPS pages publish differing loop lengths and ascent figures. Those operational numbers are not reused here; this exhibit measures only its terrain footprint." }, "sources": [ { "id": "nps-riggs", "title": "Riggs Spring Loop Trail", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/planyourvisit/riggsspringloop.htm", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": "2021-09-21", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "Facts paraphrased and linked. Photograph rights recorded separately per image.", "supports": "Forest and slope setting; NPS-credited historical topographic map used for comparison. Published route metrics differ from newer NPS records and are not used." }, { "id": "nps-backcountry", "title": "Backcountry Hiking and Camping", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/thingstodo/backcountry-hiking-and-camping.htm", "publisher": "National Park Service", "date": null, "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "Facts paraphrased and linked. Photograph rights recorded separately per image.", "supports": "Riggs/Under-the-Rim context and source disagreement record, not current trip guidance." }, { "id": "gnis", "title": "Geographic Names — Landforms", "url": "https://carto.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/geonames/MapServer/5", "publisher": "US Geological Survey", "date": null, "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02", "license": "US Government Public Domain; USGS National Map terms", "supports": "Independent named-feature locators, including Hat Shop 1441625, Farview 1441016, Piracy 1444459 and Corral Hollow 1439972. Points do not define a feature boundary. Valley records include multiple positions, not a trail polyline." } ], "imagery": { "publisher": "USDA Farm Service Agency / FPAC", "dataset": "National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), Utah 2024", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-02T09:10:57.371208+00:00", "source_pixels_m": 0.6, "export_pixels": 1707, "export_pixel_m": 0.5998828353837141, "crs": "EPSG:32612", "requested_bounds": [ 390341.52953982295, 4146483.952784525, 391365.52953982295, 4147507.952784525 ], "export_extent": { "xmin": 390341.52953982295, "ymin": 4146483.952784525, "xmax": 391365.52953982295, "ymax": 4147507.952784525, "spatialReference": { "wkid": 32612, "latestWkid": 32612 } }, "flight_dates": [ "2024-07-23" ], "images": [ { "OBJECTID": 195919, "Name": "m_3711239_nw_12_060_20240723", "Category": 1, "year_ts": 2024, "ST": "UT", "QQNAME": "3711239NW060", "QQDATE": 1721692800000, "iDate_ts": 1749744257170 } ], "catalog_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/query?f=json&geometry=%7B%22xmin%22%3A390341.52953982295%2C%22ymin%22%3A4146483.952784525%2C%22xmax%22%3A391365.52953982295%2C%22ymax%22%3A4147507.952784525%2C%22spatialReference%22%3A%7B%22wkid%22%3A32612%7D%7D&geometryType=esriGeometryEnvelope&inSR=32612&spatialRel=esriSpatialRelIntersects&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=false&where=Category%3D1+AND+year_ts%3D2024", "export_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=json&bbox=390341.52953982295%2C4146483.952784525%2C391365.52953982295%2C4147507.952784525&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=1707%2C1707&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195919%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "direct_image_url": "https://apps.geo.fpac.usda.gov/geo-imagery/rest/services/naip/conus_naip/ImageServer/exportImage?f=image&bbox=390341.52953982295%2C4146483.952784525%2C391365.52953982295%2C4147507.952784525&bboxSR=32612&imageSR=32612&size=1707%2C1707&format=png&pixelType=U8&interpolation=RSP_BilinearInterpolation&adjustAspectRatio=false&bandIds=0%2C1%2C2&mosaicRule=%7B%22mosaicMethod%22%3A%22esriMosaicLockRaster%22%2C%22lockRasterIds%22%3A%5B195919%5D%2C%22mosaicOperation%22%3A%22MT_FIRST%22%7D", "original_sha256": "9a86a17a489ec894bd5f781979e705ec387a5f65ebc48d1fa2b47a5ac88973ed", "license": "US Government Public Domain", "license_url": "https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/national-agriculture-imagery-program-naip-imagery", "processing": "Locked 2024 primary rasters, RGB bands 0/1/2, orthographic drape; bilinear export, WebP encoding. No invented detail.", "limitations": "Leaf-on aerial imagery draped on 2018 filtered topography; acquisition shadows, tree crowns, temporal differences and metre-scale registration error remain. Cliff faces stretch a top-down pixel; hidden walls are not photographed." }, "visual_review": { "checked_at": "2026-10-02", "views": [ "overview", "left oblique", "right oblique", "nearest allowed", "aerial", "north-up" ], "scope": "Above-terrain ground study only. Visible gaps remain; neither closed cliffs nor cap/neck fidelity is accepted.", "camera_minimum_pitch_degrees": 57.2957795, "camera_minimum_distance_widths": 1.35 } } ], "source_ledger": "sources.json", "distinct_footprints": 6 }