{
  "schema": 1,
  "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
  "method": "Primary-source web text reviewed in this lane. Only factual concepts are paraphrased; no source photographs, diagrams, audio, logos or page code are reproduced.",
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "gg-s01",
      "title": "Hoodoos",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/hoodoos.htm",
      "updated": "2021-09-04",
      "supports": "Rock deposition, uplift, physical and chemical weathering, contrasting layer resistance, and Claron lake/floodplain context.",
      "section": "The Three-Step Recipe to Create Bryce Canyon",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s02",
      "title": "Geology of Bryce Canyon National Park",
      "publisher": "U.S. Geological Survey",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/geology-and-ecology-of-national-parks/geology-bryce-canyon-national-park",
      "supports": "Hoodoo morphology, uplift, sedimentary context, carbonate dissolution and Claron rock unit.",
      "section": "Hoodoos; Rock Types; Rock Strata in Bryce Canyon",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s03",
      "title": "Arches",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/arches.htm",
      "updated": "2015-02-24",
      "supports": "Fins, windows, fractures and frost wedging; arch/bridge terminology has an imprecise process distinction.",
      "section": "General Description; Formational Process",
      "qualification": "No universal opening-size threshold or annual freeze/thaw count is adopted.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s04",
      "title": "Natural Bridge (Bryce Canyon place record)",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/places/000/natural-bridge.htm",
      "updated": "2026-08-15",
      "supports": "Bryce's named Natural Bridge is an arch; protective layers, windows, plateau edge and amphitheaters.",
      "section": "Description; Landscape Features",
      "qualification": "This is the Bryce record; /places/natural-bridge.htm without /000/ describes Death Valley and is not the source for Bryce.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s05",
      "title": "Glossary of Terms",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Canyonlands",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/cany/learn/nature/glossary.htm",
      "updated": "2025-04-18",
      "supports": "Joint, plateau, limestone, formation and unconformity terminology.",
      "section": "Joint; Plateau; Limestone; Formation; Unconformity",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s06",
      "title": "History & Culture",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/historyculture/index.htm",
      "updated": "2018-06-18",
      "supports": "Series of horseshoe-shaped amphitheaters on the eastern Paunsaugunt Plateau edge.",
      "section": "Introduction",
      "qualification": "Only the geographical description is used; no cultural-history interpretation is added.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s07",
      "title": "What is a topographic map?",
      "publisher": "U.S. Geological Survey",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-a-topographic-map",
      "supports": "Contours join equal elevations and communicate land shape and slope.",
      "section": "FAQ definition",
      "retrieval_note": "Full definition available in the web search result; some direct open attempts timed out.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s08",
      "title": "Topographic Map Symbols",
      "publisher": "U.S. Geological Survey",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/TopographicMapSymbols/topomapsymbols.pdf",
      "supports": "Elevation contours and contour interval conventions.",
      "section": "Reading Topographic Maps",
      "retrieval_note": "Indexed source text reviewed; direct PDF open failed. Supporting spacing explanation also cross-checked against gg-s31.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s09",
      "title": "Weathering",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Erosion: Water, Wind & Weather",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/subjects/erosion/weathering.htm",
      "updated": "2023-01-26",
      "supports": "In-place physical/chemical weathering, ice in cracks, and mineral dissolution.",
      "section": "Chemical Weathering; Mechanical or Physical Weathering",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s10",
      "title": "Weathering and Erosion",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Scotts Bluff",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/weathering-erosion.htm",
      "updated": "2021-11-24",
      "supports": "Separate breakdown from transport, and transport from sediment accumulation.",
      "section": "The Processes; Erosion",
      "qualification": "No Scotts Bluff rates or landscape history are transferred to Bryce.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s11",
      "title": "Mass Wasting",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Erosion: Water, Wind & Weather",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/subjects/erosion/mass-wasting.htm",
      "updated": "2019-09-11",
      "supports": "Gravity-driven downslope rock/soil movement; rockfall, slump and debris-flow examples.",
      "section": "Introduction; Rock Fall or Topple",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s12",
      "title": "Watersheds and Drainage Basins",
      "publisher": "U.S. Geological Survey, Water Science School",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/water-science-school/science/watersheds-and-drainage-basins",
      "updated": "2026-09-17",
      "supports": "Surface runoff, infiltration, evaporation and plant uptake; not all precipitation exits as runoff.",
      "section": "Not all precipitation that falls in a watershed flows out",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s13",
      "title": "Sedimentary Rocks",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Geology",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/subjects/geology/sedimentary.htm",
      "updated": "2024-07-08",
      "supports": "Sedimentary origins, lithification, compaction, cementation, grain sizes and bedding.",
      "section": "Introduction; Key Terms; Clastic Sedimentary Rock",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s14",
      "title": "Geologic Principles—Superposition and Original Horizontality",
      "publisher": "National Park Service",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/geologic-principles-superposition-and-original-horizontality.htm",
      "updated": "2024-11-04",
      "supports": "Relative bed order and sedimentary layering.",
      "section": "Superposition",
      "qualification": "The entry explicitly restricts the simple older-below-younger rule to a sequence not overturned.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s15",
      "title": "A Fossil's Journey",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Teachers",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/teachers/classrooms/a-fossil-s-journey.htm",
      "supports": "Fossils include remains and activity traces; sedimentary environments vary; fossils need not be mineralized.",
      "section": "Definition of a Fossil; Sedimentation; Trace Fossils",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s16",
      "title": "Paleontology, Lesson 2: Terminology",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Petrified Forest",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/pefo/learn/education/classrooms/upload/paleo_lesson2.pdf",
      "supports": "Mudstone contains silt/clay-sized material; sandstone has cemented sand grains; erosion and deposition definitions.",
      "section": "Terminology, printed page 12",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s17",
      "title": "Plants",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/plants.htm",
      "updated": "2023-04-30",
      "supports": "Bryce plant communities differ among uplands, exposed breaks, meadows, seeps and springs.",
      "section": "Introduction",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s18",
      "title": "Habitats of Shenandoah National Park",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Shenandoah Education Program",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/common/uploads/teachers/lessonplans/Habitats%20Lesson%20Plan_5081.pdf",
      "updated": "2019-09",
      "supports": "Habitat supplies life needs; ecosystems include interacting living and nonliving components.",
      "section": "Background Information and Vocabulary, printed page 2",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s19",
      "title": "Rivers, Streams, & Wetlands",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Science of the American Southwest",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/subjects/swscience/rivers-streams.htm",
      "updated": "2016-10-05",
      "supports": "Riparian habitats occur along permanent and ephemeral water sources.",
      "section": "Southwest River Environments",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s20",
      "title": "National Capital Region Conifers",
      "publisher": "National Park Service; John Parrish",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/conifers.htm",
      "supports": "Cone-bearing trees and shrubs; needle/scale foliage; some conifers are deciduous.",
      "section": "Introduction",
      "qualification": "General botanical vocabulary only; eastern species are not represented as Bryce records.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s21",
      "title": "Quaking Aspen",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/quakingaspen.htm",
      "updated": "2023-02-01",
      "supports": "Quaking aspen occurs at Bryce and changes leaves seasonally.",
      "section": "General Description",
      "qualification": "No absolute longevity, immunity, fire survival or conservation assertions are reproduced.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s22",
      "title": "Genetics and Adaptations Activity Guide",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Zion",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/common/uploads/teachers/lessonplans/GeneticsActivityGuide.pdf",
      "supports": "Inherited traits and suitability to an environment.",
      "section": "Introduction; Theme",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s23",
      "title": "I Didn't Know That!: Biological Soil Crusts",
      "publisher": "National Park Service",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/idkt_biosoils.htm",
      "updated": "2024-12-23",
      "supports": "Crust organisms, particle binding, easily overlooked young crusts and fragility.",
      "section": "What are biological soil crusts?; What do biological soil crusts look like?",
      "qualification": "Regional relevance only; no site-level Bryce presence or coverage is claimed.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s24",
      "title": "Food Webs",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Teachers",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/teachers/classrooms/food-webs.htm",
      "updated": "2025-08-08",
      "supports": "Connected trophic roles and limits to predicting ecological effects.",
      "section": "Background; Vocabulary",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s25",
      "title": "Create Your Own Marine Food Web",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Cape Cod",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/caco/planyourvisit/create-your-own-marine-food-web.htm",
      "supports": "Producers, consumers and decomposers; nutrient return from decomposing dead matter.",
      "section": "Transcript",
      "qualification": "General roles are used; marine organisms and local feeding relationships are not transferred to Bryce.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s26",
      "title": "Fire Ecology",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/fire-ecology.htm",
      "supports": "Post-disturbance community change, surviving roots, regrowth and variable fire effects.",
      "section": "Forest Succession; Adaptations to Fire",
      "qualification": "No fixed recovery duration or guaranteed succession endpoint is modeled.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s27",
      "title": "Ponderosa Pine",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/ponderosapine.htm",
      "supports": "Thick bark can protect living tissue during fire.",
      "section": "Plant Lore",
      "qualification": "Cross-checked with gg-s26; unconditional survival language is not adopted.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s28",
      "title": "Geologic Timescale, Geologic Dating Techniques, and Numeric Ages",
      "publisher": "National Park Service",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/grcatime-timescale.htm",
      "supports": "A formation is a distinctive mappable rock unit and may contain several rock types; unconformities represent gaps.",
      "section": "Glossary: Formation; Unconformity",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s29",
      "title": "Types of Arches",
      "publisher": "National Park Service, Arches",
      "url": "https://www.nps.gov/articles/arch-archtypes.htm",
      "updated": "2025-04-29",
      "supports": "A natural bridge is a type of arch astride a stream or stream channel; flowing water need not be present year-round.",
      "section": "Natural Bridge",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s30",
      "title": "North Carolina Marine Education Manual: Unit Three, Coastal Ecology",
      "publisher": "UNC Sea Grant College Program; NOAA Institutional Repository",
      "authors": [
        "Lundie Mauldin",
        "Dirk Frankenberg"
      ],
      "published": "1978",
      "url": "https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/37691/noaa_37691_DS1.pdf",
      "catalogue_url": "https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/37691",
      "supports": "Energy passes through ecosystems and dissipates as heat; nutrients can cycle.",
      "section": "Energy flow discussion near Figure 6",
      "qualification": "Only the general distinction between energy flow and nutrient cycling is used; no coastal scenario is transferred.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s31",
      "title": "Topographic Map Explanation, folio 19",
      "publisher": "U.S. Geological Survey",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/gf/019/cover.pdf",
      "supports": "For a fixed elevation difference, a gentle slope requires more horizontal distance than a steep slope.",
      "section": "Explanation of contour spacing",
      "retrieval_note": "Primary USGS indexed text reviewed; arithmetic in the model is independently checked.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    },
    {
      "id": "gg-s32",
      "title": "Aquatic food webs",
      "publisher": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration",
      "url": "https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/marine-life/aquatic-food-webs",
      "supports": "Food-web arrows show energy flow from prey to predator; connected food chains form a web.",
      "section": "What is a food web?",
      "qualification": "General arrow convention only; model roles are generic, not a Bryce ecological survey.",
      "retrieved_date": "2026-10-02",
      "media_used": false,
      "use": "Factual reference only; no source media reproduced."
    }
  ]
}