{ "schema_version": 1, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "title": "Living Bryce", "scope": "A selection of published Bryce park records and primary-source traits. Not a complete inventory, current sightings, abundance data or an identification authority.", "location_policy": "Broad habitats only; no coordinates, nest sites, dens or colony locations.", "status_policy": "The Utah prairie dog’s federal listing is separately verified. A missing status badge is not an assessment that a taxon lacks protection or conservation concern.", "habitat_policy": "Categories are broad teaching associations inferred from the cited habitat descriptions; boundaries overlap. Regional associations are labeled and do not prove presence at a particular place.", "taxa": [ { "id": "pinus-ponderosa", "common_name": "Ponderosa pine", "scientific_name": "Pinus ponderosa", "group": "conifer", "habitat_ids": [ "middle" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-ponderosa" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-ponderosa" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Needles", "text": "Long needles in bundles, usually three in the Bryce description.", "sources": [ "nps-ponderosa" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "three to a bundle" }, { "label": "Bark", "text": "Older trunks have orange-brown plates; young bark is darker.", "sources": [ "nps-ponderosa" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "rusty-orange bark" } ], "habitat": { "text": "A defining tree of the park’s middle-elevation pine forest.", "sources": [ "nps-trees" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "Use the branch and cone drawings as a reference in any season. No cone crop or viewing date is predicted.", "sources": [], "scope": "editorial prompt", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Age changes bark color. Check a needle bundle as well as the trunk; a distant silhouette is insufficient.", "aliases": [ "western yellow pine" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "pinus-longaeva", "common_name": "Great Basin bristlecone pine", "scientific_name": "Pinus longaeva", "group": "conifer", "habitat_ids": [ "upper", "rim" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-bristlecone" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-bristlecone" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Needles", "text": "Five per bundle; dense foliage extends back along the twig like a bottle brush.", "sources": [ "nps-bristlecone", "nps-bristlecone-key" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "five" }, { "label": "Cones", "text": "Cone scales end in small bristles.", "sources": [ "nps-bristlecone-key" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "claw-like bristle" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Exposed rocky ridges and limestone knolls; also documented below the highest plateau.", "sources": [ "nps-bristlecone", "nps-trees" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "Use the branch and cone drawings as a reference in any season. No cone crop or viewing date is predicted.", "sources": [], "scope": "editorial prompt", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Limber pine also has five needles. Use foliage distribution and cone details together. Shape does not establish a tree’s age.", "aliases": [ "bristlecone", "intermountain bristlecone" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "pinus-flexilis", "common_name": "Limber pine", "scientific_name": "Pinus flexilis", "group": "conifer", "habitat_ids": [ "rim", "upper" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-limber" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-limber" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Needles", "text": "Five per bundle, clustered toward the ends of branches.", "sources": [ "nps-limber" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "ends of the branches" }, { "label": "Cones", "text": "Woody scales lack the bristlecone’s prickles.", "sources": [ "nps-limber", "nps-bristlecone-key" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "without prickles" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Rocky slopes, ridges and exposed cliff edges are characteristic habitat.", "sources": [ "nps-limber" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "Use the branch and cone drawings as a reference in any season. No cone crop or viewing date is predicted.", "sources": [], "scope": "editorial prompt", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Five needles alone cannot separate it from bristlecone. Observe from the trail; never bend limbs or stand on roots.", "aliases": [], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "pinus-edulis", "common_name": "Colorado pinyon", "scientific_name": "Pinus edulis", "group": "conifer", "habitat_ids": [ "lower" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-pinyon" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-pinyon" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Needles", "text": "Short needles grow in bundles of two.", "sources": [ "usfs-pinyon" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "fascicles of 2" }, { "label": "Growth form", "text": "A relatively small pine with an irregular trunk and red-brown bark.", "sources": [ "nps-pinyon" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "crooked trunk" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Dry lower-elevation woodland, often with junipers; uncommon above the rim.", "sources": [ "nps-pinyon" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "NPS describes cones beginning to open in September at Bryce. This is a general seasonal account, not this year’s crop report.", "sources": [ "nps-pinyon" ], "scope": "Bryce seasonal account", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Compare needle bundles with juniper’s scales. Do not infer a species from the word “pine” or from a rounded crown.", "aliases": [ "two-needle pinyon", "pinyon pine", "piñon" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "juniperus-scopulorum", "common_name": "Rocky Mountain juniper", "scientific_name": "Juniperus scopulorum", "group": "conifer", "habitat_ids": [ "lower", "middle" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-juniper" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-juniper" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Foliage", "text": "Small, overlapping scale leaves cover the twigs.", "sources": [ "nps-juniper" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "tiny, waxy scales" }, { "label": "Cones", "text": "Blue, waxy, berry-like structures are fleshy cones.", "sources": [ "nps-juniper" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "actually cones" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Occurs below the rim and at middle elevations. NPS notes cooler, shadier sites than nearby Utah juniper.", "sources": [ "nps-juniper" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "Use the branch and cone drawings as a reference in any season. No cone crop or viewing date is predicted.", "sources": [], "scope": "editorial prompt", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Bryce has several junipers. Scale leaves and blue cones identify a group, not this species alone. The NPS page uses overlapping elevation descriptions.", "aliases": [ "juniper" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "picea-pungens", "common_name": "Blue spruce", "scientific_name": "Picea pungens", "group": "conifer", "habitat_ids": [ "upper", "wet" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-spruce" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-spruce" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Needles", "text": "Single, sharply pointed needles attach to woody pegs; the cross-section is diamond-shaped.", "sources": [ "nps-spruce" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "peg-like projection" }, { "label": "Cones", "text": "Hanging cones have thin, papery scales.", "sources": [ "nps-spruce" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "thin, papery" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Moist, sheltered sites associated with seeps and springs, within the park’s generally dry setting.", "sources": [ "nps-spruce" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "Use the branch and cone drawings as a reference in any season. No cone crop or viewing date is predicted.", "sources": [], "scope": "editorial prompt", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Color varies and is not a sufficient identification. Compare attachment and cones without touching sharp needles.", "aliases": [ "Colorado blue spruce" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "pseudotsuga-menziesii", "common_name": "Douglas-fir", "scientific_name": "Pseudotsuga menziesii", "group": "conifer", "habitat_ids": [ "upper", "rim" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-douglas" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-douglas" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Needles", "text": "Individual needles are flat with blunt tips.", "sources": [ "nps-douglas" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "flat in cross-section" }, { "label": "Cones", "text": "Cones hang down; three-pointed bracts project between their scales.", "sources": [ "nps-douglas" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "3-pointed bracts" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Higher southern forests and shaded parts of the amphitheater provide habitat.", "sources": [ "nps-douglas" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "Use the branch and cone drawings as a reference in any season. No cone crop or viewing date is predicted.", "sources": [], "scope": "editorial prompt", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "This is a different genus from true firs. A hanging cone with projecting bracts is more useful than the height of the tree.", "aliases": [ "Douglas fir" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "abies-concolor", "common_name": "White fir", "scientific_name": "Abies concolor", "group": "conifer", "habitat_ids": [ "upper" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-birds" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "usfs-white-fir" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Needles", "text": "Individual needles are flat and often curve upward.", "sources": [ "nps-fir-key", "usfs-white-fir" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "Flat" }, { "label": "Cones", "text": "Cones stand upright on upper branches and break apart as they mature.", "sources": [ "nps-fir-key", "usfs-white-fir" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "disintegrate" } ], "habitat": { "text": "NPS includes white fir in the park’s high mixed-conifer forest.", "sources": [ "nps-birds", "nps-trees" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "Use the branch and cone drawings as a reference in any season. No cone crop or viewing date is predicted.", "sources": [], "scope": "editorial prompt", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Cones may be high and hard to see. A missing cone on the ground is not proof of a fir; compare several traits.", "aliases": [], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "populus-tremuloides", "common_name": "Quaking aspen", "scientific_name": "Populus tremuloides", "group": "plant", "habitat_ids": [ "upper" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-aspen" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-aspen" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Leaves", "text": "Rounded to heart-shaped leaves have fine teeth and flattened leaf stalks.", "sources": [ "nps-aspen" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "flattened petiole" }, { "label": "Bark", "text": "Smooth pale bark is interrupted by dark branch scars.", "sources": [ "nps-aspen" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "black scars" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Moist forest openings and edges; scattered groves occur in Bryce’s higher forests.", "sources": [ "nps-aspen" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "Leaves turn yellow or gold in autumn. The source gives no reliable date for peak color at Bryce.", "sources": [ "nps-aspen" ], "scope": "species seasonal pattern", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Do not infer clone boundaries or tree ages from appearance. Pale bark alone can be confused with other deciduous trees.", "aliases": [ "trembling aspen", "aspen" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "arctostaphylos-patula", "common_name": "Greenleaf manzanita", "scientific_name": "Arctostaphylos patula", "group": "plant", "habitat_ids": [ "middle" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-manzanita" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-manzanita" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Leaves & stems", "text": "Smooth-edged leaves and smooth red-brown stems form a low, spreading shrub.", "sources": [ "nps-manzanita" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "smooth reddish-brown bark" }, { "label": "Flowers", "text": "Small pink flowers are shaped like urns.", "sources": [ "nps-manzanita" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "urn shaped" } ], "habitat": { "text": "An understory shrub of Bryce’s ponderosa forest.", "sources": [ "nps-manzanita" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "NPS lists March–July as a broad flowering window for the Bryce region. Elevation and the year affect what is visible.", "sources": [ "nps-manzanita" ], "scope": "Bryce region flowering window", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Observe leaves, stems and flowers together. No identification here supports collecting or tasting.", "aliases": [ "manzanita" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "achillea-millefolium", "common_name": "Common yarrow", "scientific_name": "Achillea millefolium", "group": "plant", "habitat_ids": [ "meadow", "middle" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-yarrow" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-yarrow" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Leaves", "text": "Finely divided leaves have a feathery appearance.", "sources": [ "nps-yarrow" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "feathery-cut leaves" }, { "label": "Flowers", "text": "Many small white flower heads form a flat or gently domed cluster.", "sources": [ "nps-yarrow" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "flat-topped" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Grasslands and open forest are typical species habitat; NPS includes yarrow among Bryce wildflowers.", "sources": [ "nps-yarrow", "nps-flowers" ], "scope": "regional habitat; park presence separate", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "NPS lists April–October for flowering in the Bryce region; this broad window is not a bloom forecast.", "sources": [ "nps-yarrow" ], "scope": "Bryce region flowering window", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Several unrelated plants carry white flower clusters. A cluster alone is not enough to identify yarrow.", "aliases": [ "yarrow", "milfoil" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "iris-missouriensis", "common_name": "Western iris", "scientific_name": "Iris missouriensis", "group": "plant", "habitat_ids": [ "wet" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-iris" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-iris" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Leaves", "text": "Long, grasslike leaves reach toward the height of the flowers.", "sources": [ "nps-iris" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "grasslike" }, { "label": "Flowers", "text": "Purple-veined flowers have upright inner parts and drooping outer segments.", "sources": [ "nps-iris" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "drooping" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Moist soils and wet meadow habitat; the park’s wildflower guide documents this species.", "sources": [ "nps-iris", "nps-flowers" ], "scope": "regional habitat; park presence separate", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "NPS lists May–July for flowering in the Bryce region. Moist habitat is easily damaged by foot traffic.", "sources": [ "nps-iris" ], "scope": "Bryce region flowering window", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Grasslike leaves alone are inconclusive. Stay on established access; a flower is not a reason to cross a wet meadow.", "aliases": [ "Rocky Mountain iris", "western blue-flag", "Missouri iris" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "linum-lewisii", "common_name": "Blue flax", "scientific_name": "Linum lewisii", "group": "plant", "habitat_ids": [ "meadow", "rim" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-flax" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-flax" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Flowers", "text": "Flowers have five petals, ranging from pale to deeper blue.", "sources": [ "nps-flax" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "five petals" }, { "label": "Leaves", "text": "Narrow, short leaves alternate along the stem.", "sources": [ "nps-flax" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "alternating pattern" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Well-drained meadows, open ground and the breaks; NPS describes it among short shrubs at Bryce.", "sources": [ "nps-flax" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "NPS lists April–August for flowering in the Bryce region. Conditions vary with place and year.", "sources": [ "nps-flax" ], "scope": "Bryce region flowering window", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Use leaves and petals together; flower color alone does not settle an identification.", "aliases": [ "Lewis flax", "wild blue flax" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "ipomopsis-aggregata", "common_name": "Scarlet gilia", "scientific_name": "Ipomopsis aggregata", "group": "plant", "habitat_ids": [ "rim", "meadow" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-gilia" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-gilia" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Flowers", "text": "Long flower tubes end in five spreading lobes; flowers may be red, pink or white.", "sources": [ "nps-gilia" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "five spreading" }, { "label": "Leaves", "text": "Divided, comb-like leaves contrast with the narrow flower tubes.", "sources": [ "nps-gilia" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "comb-like leaves" } ], "habitat": { "text": "A species of varied habitats, from rocky canyon country to mountain meadows. It is included in the Bryce wildflower guide.", "sources": [ "nps-gilia", "nps-flowers" ], "scope": "regional habitat; park presence separate", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "NPS lists May–July for flowering in the Bryce region. Red flowers are associated with hummingbird pollination.", "sources": [ "nps-gilia" ], "scope": "Bryce region window; species pollination pattern", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Related forms have been classified differently. This guide uses the species name in the NPS article and makes no subspecies determination.", "aliases": [ "skyrocket", "Gilia aggregata" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "odocoileus-hemionus", "common_name": "Mule deer", "scientific_name": "Odocoileus hemionus", "group": "mammal", "habitat_ids": [ "middle", "meadow" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-deer" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-mammals" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Ears", "text": "Large ears are a useful first clue.", "sources": [ "nps-deer" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "large ears" }, { "label": "Tail", "text": "A narrow black-tipped tail contrasts with a pale rump.", "sources": [ "nps-deer" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "black-tipped tail" } ], "habitat": { "text": "NPS records foraging deer in the park. Forest edges and open ground are useful broad learning associations, not a location forecast.", "sources": [ "nps-deer", "nps-biophysical" ], "scope": "Bryce record; editorial habitat grouping", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "Males grow antlers in spring; velvet is lost in autumn. These are general life-cycle traits, not a way to determine age.", "sources": [ "nps-deer" ], "scope": "species seasonal pattern", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Antlers are absent on some animals and at some times. Do not use antler points to assign age.", "aliases": [], "taxonomy_note": "Species-level name used. The individual NPS article also names the subspecies O. h. hemionus.", "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "antilocapra-americana", "common_name": "Pronghorn", "scientific_name": "Antilocapra americana", "group": "mammal", "habitat_ids": [ "meadow" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-pronghorn" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-pronghorn" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Coat", "text": "Tan upperparts contrast with white areas on the face, belly and rump.", "sources": [ "nps-pronghorn" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "white markings" }, { "label": "Horns", "text": "Dark horns curve backward; horn size differs between individuals.", "sources": [ "nps-pronghorn" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "horns that face backwards" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Open grassland and fields are the broad habitat association described by the park.", "sources": [ "nps-pronghorn" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "NPS describes late spring through autumn as the more likely viewing period. It is not a guarantee for any visit.", "sources": [ "nps-pronghorn" ], "scope": "Bryce seasonal account", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "A pronghorn is neither a deer nor a true antelope. Use body markings as well as horns.", "aliases": [ "pronghorn antelope" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "cynomys-parvidens", "common_name": "Utah prairie dog", "scientific_name": "Cynomys parvidens", "group": "mammal", "habitat_ids": [ "meadow" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-prairie-dog" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-prairie-dog" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Face", "text": "A dark mark above each eye is a useful feature.", "sources": [ "fws-prairie-dog", "nps-prairie-dog" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "black spot above the eye" }, { "label": "Tail", "text": "The short tail has a white tip.", "sources": [ "nps-prairie-dog" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "white-tipped tails" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Short-grass meadows support burrowing colonies. This guide does not identify colony sites.", "sources": [ "nps-prairie-dog" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "The park describes winter hibernation and summer activity. An unseen animal is not evidence of an empty colony.", "sources": [ "nps-prairie-dog" ], "scope": "Bryce seasonal account", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Color alone is not reliable. Never approach a burrow for a better view or publish a precise colony location.", "aliases": [], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": { "label": "Federally threatened", "jurisdiction": "U.S. Endangered Species Act", "source": "ecfr-prairie-dog", "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "source_current_through": "2026-09-30", "note": "50 CFR 17.11(h) lists Cynomys parvidens as T, wherever found. This is not an IUCN category or population estimate." }, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "callospermophilus-lateralis", "common_name": "Golden-mantled ground squirrel", "scientific_name": "Callospermophilus lateralis", "group": "mammal", "habitat_ids": [ "middle", "meadow" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-ground-squirrel" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-ground-squirrel" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Body", "text": "Pale side stripes are bordered by dark stripes; shoulders can look rusty.", "sources": [ "nps-ground-squirrel" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "two lateral white stripes" }, { "label": "Face", "text": "The face lacks the chipmunk’s stripes through and around the eyes.", "sources": [ "nps-ground-squirrel" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "does not have striping" } ], "habitat": { "text": "The park describes summer activity in plateau forests and open grassland.", "sources": [ "nps-ground-squirrel" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "This species hibernates. Summer activity in the park is a seasonal account, not a count or prediction.", "sources": [ "nps-ground-squirrel" ], "scope": "Bryce seasonal account", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Look at the face as well as the body stripes. Keep distance even if a squirrel approaches.", "aliases": [ "ground squirrel" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "neotamias-umbrinus", "common_name": "Uinta chipmunk", "scientific_name": "Neotamias umbrinus", "group": "mammal", "habitat_ids": [ "middle", "lower" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-chipmunk" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-chipmunk" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Body", "text": "Alternating dark and pale stripes run along the back.", "sources": [ "nps-chipmunk" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "stripes on their backs" }, { "label": "Face", "text": "Facial stripes extend around the eyes, unlike the golden-mantled ground squirrel.", "sources": [ "nps-chipmunk" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "stripes around its eyes" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Utah associations include ponderosa forest and lower pinyon-juniper woodland; NPS documents it at Bryce.", "sources": [ "nps-chipmunk" ], "scope": "Utah habitat; Bryce presence separate", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "The park article describes a duller winter coat with less distinct striping.", "sources": [ "nps-chipmunk" ], "scope": "species seasonal pattern", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "This comparison separates a chipmunk from one ground squirrel; it does not identify every chipmunk species.", "aliases": [ "Uintah chipmunk" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "ursus-americanus", "common_name": "American black bear", "scientific_name": "Ursus americanus", "group": "mammal", "habitat_ids": [ "middle", "upper" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-bear" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-mammals" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Shape", "text": "Rounded ears, a large body and a short tail are useful features.", "sources": [ "nps-bear" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "rounded ears" }, { "label": "Color", "text": "Utah black bears can be reddish brown through black; the common name is not a color test.", "sources": [ "nps-bear" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "reddish brown to black" } ], "habitat": { "text": "A forest-associated mammal; NPS describes actual sightings at Bryce as rare.", "sources": [ "nps-bear" ], "scope": "Bryce occurrence; regional habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "Winter denning is described for Utah. This does not establish that a particular bear is inactive.", "sources": [ "nps-bear" ], "scope": "Utah seasonal pattern", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "This is a recognition reference, not an encounter-response guide. Use current NPS safety advice and keep food secured.", "aliases": [ "black bear" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "puma-concolor", "common_name": "Mountain lion", "scientific_name": "Puma concolor", "group": "mammal", "habitat_ids": [ "rim", "upper", "middle" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-lion" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-mammals" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Tail", "text": "The long tail is a conspicuous feature of the adult cat.", "sources": [ "nps-lion" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "one-third" }, { "label": "Coat", "text": "Adult fur is generally tawny, with a paler underside and darker tail tip.", "sources": [ "nps-lion" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "tail is tipped in black" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Rugged terrain with cover and prey supports this wide-ranging species; NPS documents rare Bryce sightings.", "sources": [ "nps-lion" ], "scope": "species habitat; Bryce presence separate", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "This guide assigns no sighting season. Park documentation does not promise an encounter.", "sources": [], "scope": "editorial limit", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "A distant glimpse or an isolated track is not a verified identification. Do not seek dens, kills or resting animals.", "aliases": [ "cougar", "puma", "Felis concolor" ], "taxonomy_note": "The older individual article uses Felis concolor. The updated NPS mammal list uses Puma concolor, retained here.", "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "taxidea-taxus", "common_name": "American badger", "scientific_name": "Taxidea taxus", "group": "mammal", "habitat_ids": [ "meadow" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-badger" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-badger" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Shape", "text": "A low, stocky body and powerful front limbs suit a digging lifestyle.", "sources": [ "nps-badger" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "stocky and low" }, { "label": "Face", "text": "A pale central stripe contrasts with dark facial markings.", "sources": [ "nps-badger" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "white strip down" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Open fields are the broad park habitat described in the NPS account.", "sources": [ "nps-badger" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "The NPS account describes mainly nocturnal activity and some daytime foraging in spring.", "sources": [ "nps-badger" ], "scope": "species seasonal pattern", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "A hole does not identify its maker. Observe animals from a distance and leave burrows undisturbed.", "aliases": [ "badger" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "corvus-corax", "common_name": "Common raven", "scientific_name": "Corvus corax", "group": "bird", "habitat_ids": [ "rim", "middle", "lower" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-corvids" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-corvids" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Shape", "text": "A heavy bill and shaggy throat distinguish the head profile.", "sources": [ "nps-corvids" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "shaggy throat" }, { "label": "Tail", "text": "The tail is wedge-shaped when spread in flight.", "sources": [ "nps-corvids" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "wedge-shaped tails" } ], "habitat": { "text": "A broadly distributed bird of forests and open country with cliff nesting opportunities.", "sources": [ "nps-corvids" ], "scope": "regional habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "This guide assigns no sighting season. Park documentation does not promise an encounter.", "sources": [], "scope": "editorial limit", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Perspective changes apparent size. Compare bill, tail and flight together; a black bird alone is not enough.", "aliases": [ "raven" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "nucifraga-columbiana", "common_name": "Clark’s nutcracker", "scientific_name": "Nucifraga columbiana", "group": "bird", "habitat_ids": [ "upper", "lower" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-corvids" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-corvids" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Plumage", "text": "A pale gray body contrasts with large white patches on the wings and tail.", "sources": [ "nps-corvids" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "large white patches" }, { "label": "Bill", "text": "The bill is long and pointed.", "sources": [ "nps-corvids" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "large-pointed bill" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Mountain pine forests; lower pine country may be used when cones are plentiful.", "sources": [ "nps-corvids" ], "scope": "regional habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "Stored pine seeds are an important food connection. Cone availability can change use of an area.", "sources": [ "nps-corvids", "nps-pinyon" ], "scope": "species ecology", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Do not use playback or offer seeds to bring a bird closer. This drawing simplifies plumage.", "aliases": [ "Clark's nutcracker", "nutcracker" ], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "sitta-pygmaea", "common_name": "Pygmy nuthatch", "scientific_name": "Sitta pygmaea", "group": "bird", "habitat_ids": [ "middle" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-nuthatches" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-nuthatches" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Head", "text": "A brown cap and a straight, pointed bill help distinguish the head.", "sources": [ "nps-nuthatches" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "brown crown" }, { "label": "Body", "text": "A tiny, short-tailed bird with pale underparts and a blue-gray back.", "sources": [ "nps-nuthatches" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "buffy-white underparts" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Mature ponderosa forest is a strong association; NPS describes it as a year-round Bryce resident.", "sources": [ "nps-nuthatches", "nps-birds" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "Year-round residence does not mean every tree holds a bird. Look quietly without playing calls.", "sources": [ "nps-birds" ], "scope": "Bryce seasonal account", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Other nuthatches occur here. Check the cap and face; movement alone cannot identify the species.", "aliases": [], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "sitta-canadensis", "common_name": "Red-breasted nuthatch", "scientific_name": "Sitta canadensis", "group": "bird", "habitat_ids": [ "upper" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-nuthatches" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-nuthatches" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Face", "text": "A dark eye stripe sits below a pale eyebrow.", "sources": [ "nps-nuthatches" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "white stripe over the eye" }, { "label": "Breast", "text": "Rust-colored underparts contrast with the blue-gray back.", "sources": [ "nps-nuthatches" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "rusty-cinnamon" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Conifer forest; the park’s bird guide associates it with higher mixed forest.", "sources": [ "nps-nuthatches", "nps-birds" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "NPS describes a shift toward conifer seeds in autumn and winter.", "sources": [ "nps-nuthatches" ], "scope": "species seasonal pattern", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Light changes breast color. Use the facial pattern as well as the underside.", "aliases": [], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "sialia-mexicana", "common_name": "Western bluebird", "scientific_name": "Sialia mexicana", "group": "bird", "habitat_ids": [ "meadow", "middle" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-bluebirds" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "cornell-bluebird" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Plumage", "text": "Males show blue upperparts and throat with rusty chest patches.", "sources": [ "nps-bluebirds" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "red on the chest" }, { "label": "Variation", "text": "Females are grayer and less vivid than males.", "sources": [ "cornell-bluebird" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "females" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Open country with scattered trees provides the broad habitat association.", "sources": [ "nps-bluebirds" ], "scope": "regional habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "The Bryce bird guide describes a late-winter or early-spring return from lower elevations.", "sources": [ "nps-birds" ], "scope": "Bryce seasonal account", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Mountain bluebirds also occur here. A blue bird is not enough; compare throat and chest markings.", "aliases": [], "taxonomy_note": "The NPS species page misspells the genus as Sailia. Cornell Lab confirms Sialia mexicana.", "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" }, { "id": "tachycineta-thalassina", "common_name": "Violet-green swallow", "scientific_name": "Tachycineta thalassina", "group": "bird", "habitat_ids": [ "rim", "middle" ], "presence": { "text": "Documented in Bryce Canyon National Park by NPS.", "sources": [ "nps-swallows" ], "scope": "Bryce park record", "locator": null }, "name_sources": [ "nps-swallows" ], "traits": [ { "label": "Face & rump", "text": "White cheeks and pale patches at the sides of the rump help distinguish it.", "sources": [ "nps-swallows" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "white cheeks" }, { "label": "Wings", "text": "Long, pointed wings extend beyond the short tail when perched.", "sources": [ "nps-swallows" ], "scope": "species", "locator": "wingtips extend" } ], "habitat": { "text": "Open woodland and the amphitheater rim are described in the park’s bird guide.", "sources": [ "nps-swallows", "nps-birds" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "season": { "text": "A summer bird of the rim; the park guide says most have left by October in most years.", "sources": [ "nps-birds" ], "scope": "Bryce seasonal account", "locator": null }, "identification_limit": "Glossy green and violet can look dark in poor light. Several swallows share the airspace; leave uncertain views uncertain.", "aliases": [], "taxonomy_note": null, "conservation_status": null, "verified_date": "2026-10-02", "location_granularity": "broad habitat only" } ], "habitats": [ { "id": "lower", "name": "Pinyon & juniper", "short": "Lower woodland", "elevation": "Lower elevations", "description": { "text": "Open, dry woodland forms the low-elevation part of the park’s three broad forest zones.", "sources": [ "nps-life-zones", "nps-trees" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "question": "How do small leaves and gaps between trees change the look of this woodland?" }, { "id": "middle", "name": "Ponderosa forest", "short": "Ponderosa forest", "elevation": "Middle elevations", "description": { "text": "Ponderosa pine and manzanita are characteristic of the middle elevations. Shade and openings create different places to look.", "sources": [ "nps-trees" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "question": "Can you distinguish a pine’s needle bundle before you rely on its bark?" }, { "id": "upper", "name": "Mixed-conifer forest", "short": "High forest", "elevation": "Higher plateau", "description": { "text": "White fir, Douglas-fir, pines and pockets of aspen occur in the higher southern forests.", "sources": [ "nps-birds", "nps-trees" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "question": "What changes when upright fir cones are compared with hanging Douglas-fir cones?" }, { "id": "rim", "name": "Rocky breaks & rim", "short": "Rocky breaks", "elevation": "Across the escarpment", "description": { "text": "The exposed breaks are often sparsely wooded. Rocky ridges support trees adapted to difficult growing sites.", "sources": [ "nps-plants", "nps-limber" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "question": "How does a tree’s setting differ from a shaded forest, even at a similar elevation?" }, { "id": "meadow", "name": "Open meadows", "short": "Open meadows", "elevation": "Across elevations", "description": { "text": "Open meadows include dry grassy and sagebrush communities. Open ground is not necessarily wet ground.", "sources": [ "nps-plants" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "question": "Separate the habitat you can see from the animals you have actually observed." }, { "id": "wet", "name": "Seeps & moist ground", "short": "Moist pockets", "elevation": "Local moisture, not an elevation band", "description": { "text": "Seeps, springs and moist soils support plants with different needs from the surrounding dry landscape.", "sources": [ "nps-plants", "nps-spruce", "nps-iris" ], "scope": "Bryce habitat", "locator": null }, "question": "Look from established access. Which traits suggest that moisture matters here?" } ], "seasons": [ { "id": "spring", "name": "Spring" }, { "id": "summer", "name": "Summer" }, { "id": "autumn", "name": "Autumn" }, { "id": "winter", "name": "Winter" } ], "lessons": [ { "id": "spring", "title": "Spring arrives unevenly", "summary": { "text": "Snow can linger longer in the higher southern forest. The park’s bird guide describes spring returns from lower elevations before all high ground is snow-free.", "sources": [ "nps-birds" ], "scope": "Bryce seasonal account", "locator": null }, "prompt": "Compare elevation with local shade and moisture. A calendar month is not a bloom or access forecast.", "highlights": [ "arctostaphylos-patula", "iris-missouriensis", "sialia-mexicana" ] }, { "id": "summer", "title": "Look for activity, leave space", "summary": { "text": "NPS describes summer ground-squirrel activity and swallows over the rim. Flowering windows in this guide are broad regional references.", "sources": [ "nps-ground-squirrel", "nps-birds" ], "scope": "Bryce seasonal account", "locator": null }, "prompt": "Watch from one place without approaching. Notice the difference between a habitat association and an actual sighting.", "highlights": [ "callospermophilus-lateralis", "tachycineta-thalassina", "ipomopsis-aggregata" ] }, { "id": "autumn", "title": "Seeds, color & departure", "summary": { "text": "Aspen leaves change color. Pinyon cones begin opening in the park’s seasonal account, while violet-green swallows usually leave by October.", "sources": [ "nps-aspen", "nps-pinyon", "nps-birds" ], "scope": "species traits and Bryce seasonal accounts", "locator": null }, "prompt": "A cone, a leaf and a departing bird tell different seasonal stories. Record uncertainty instead of assigning a peak date.", "highlights": [ "populus-tremuloides", "pinus-edulis", "nucifraga-columbiana" ] }, { "id": "winter", "title": "Absence is not a count", "summary": { "text": "Utah prairie dogs hibernate; pygmy nuthatches are year-round residents of the ponderosa forest. An animal out of sight is not proof that the habitat is empty.", "sources": [ "nps-prairie-dog", "nps-birds" ], "scope": "Bryce seasonal account; editorial observation limit", "locator": null }, "prompt": "Study branch structure and compare the guide’s drawings. Check current NPS access and weather before a visit.", "highlights": [ "cynomys-parvidens", "sitta-pygmaea", "abies-concolor" ] } ], "glossary": [ { "term": "Needle bundle / fascicle", "definition": "A group of pine needles attached together at their base. Count the needles in one bundle, not all needles on a twig.", "sources": [ "usfs-pinyon", "nps-bristlecone" ] }, { "term": "Bract", "definition": "A small modified leaf associated with a cone scale. Douglas-fir’s projecting, three-pointed bracts are a useful clue.", "sources": [ "nps-douglas" ] }, { "term": "Scale leaf", "definition": "A small leaf pressed against a twig, as in juniper foliage. It differs from a long pine needle.", "sources": [ "nps-juniper" ] }, { "term": "Deciduous", "definition": "Shedding leaves seasonally; aspen’s autumn leaf change offers an example.", "sources": [ "nps-aspen" ] }, { "term": "Life zone", "definition": "A broad community pattern associated with climate and elevation. Its boundaries overlap and do not predict a species at a point.", "sources": [ "nps-life-zones" ] }, { "term": "Phenology", "definition": "The seasonal timing of life-cycle events, such as flowering or migration. A typical window is different from an observation this year.", "sources": [ "nps-flowers", "nps-birds" ] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "nps-plants", "title": "Plants", "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon", "author": null, "published_date": null, "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/plants.htm", "page_updated": "April 30, 2023", "retrieved_utc": "2026-10-02T08:41:13.326295+00:00", "rights": "Factual paraphrases only. Third-party photographs on these pages are not licensed or reused by this guide; government hosting is not a photo rights grant.", "supported_claim_ids": [ "habitat:rim", "habitat:meadow", "habitat:wet" ] }, { "id": "nps-trees", "title": "Trees and Shrubs", "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon", "author": null, "published_date": null, "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/treesandshrubs.htm", "page_updated": "June 29, 2022", "retrieved_utc": "2026-10-02T08:41:12.494078+00:00", "rights": "Factual paraphrases only. Third-party photographs on these pages are not licensed or reused by this guide; government hosting is not a photo rights grant.", "supported_claim_ids": [ "pinus-ponderosa:habitat", "pinus-longaeva:habitat", "abies-concolor:habitat", "habitat:lower", "habitat:middle", "habitat:upper" ] }, { "id": "nps-flowers", "title": "Wildflowers", "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon", "author": null, "published_date": null, "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/wildflowers.htm", "page_updated": "April 30, 2023", "retrieved_utc": "2026-10-02T08:41:13.387490+00:00", "rights": "Factual paraphrases only. Third-party photographs on these pages are not licensed or reused by this guide; government hosting is not a photo rights grant.", "supported_claim_ids": [ "achillea-millefolium:habitat", "iris-missouriensis:habitat", "ipomopsis-aggregata:habitat", "glossary:Phenology" ] }, { "id": "nps-birds", "title": "Birds", "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon", "author": null, "published_date": null, "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/birds.htm", "page_updated": "September 11, 2024", "retrieved_utc": "2026-10-02T08:41:13.395708+00:00", "rights": "Factual paraphrases only. Third-party photographs on these pages are not licensed or reused by this guide; government hosting is not a photo rights grant.", "supported_claim_ids": [ "abies-concolor:presence", "abies-concolor:habitat", "sitta-pygmaea:habitat", "sitta-pygmaea:season", "sitta-canadensis:habitat", "sialia-mexicana:season", "tachycineta-thalassina:habitat", "tachycineta-thalassina:season", "habitat:upper", "season:spring", "season:summer", "season:autumn", "season:winter", "glossary:Phenology" ] }, { "id": "nps-mammals", "title": "Mammals", "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon", "author": null, "published_date": null, "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/mammals.htm", "page_updated": "April 2, 2025", "retrieved_utc": "2026-10-02T08:41:13.467320+00:00", "rights": "Factual paraphrases only. Third-party photographs on these pages are not licensed or reused by this guide; government hosting is not a photo rights grant.", "supported_claim_ids": [ "odocoileus-hemionus:name", "ursus-americanus:name", "puma-concolor:name" ] }, { "id": "nps-ponderosa", "title": "Ponderosa Pine", "publisher": "National Park Service, Bryce Canyon", "author": null, "published_date": null, "url": "https://www.nps.gov/brca/learn/nature/ponderosapine.htm", "page_updated": "February 24, 2015", "retrieved_utc": "2026-10-02T08:41:13.541503+00:00", "rights": "Factual paraphrases only. 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Third-party photographs on these pages are not licensed or reused by this guide; government hosting is not a photo rights grant.", "supported_claim_ids": [ "abies-concolor:trait-1", "abies-concolor:trait-2" ] }, { "id": "cornell-bluebird", "title": "Western Bluebird overview", "publisher": "Cornell Lab of Ornithology", "author": null, "published_date": null, "url": "https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Western_Bluebird/overview", "page_updated": null, "retrieved_utc": "2026-10-02", "rights": "Names and a short factual paraphrase of female plumage used. Copyrighted photographs and verbatim article prose excluded.", "supported_claim_ids": [ "sialia-mexicana:trait-2", "sialia-mexicana:name" ] }, { "id": "usfs-pinyon", "title": "Pinus edulis, twoneedle pinyon", "publisher": "USDA Forest Service, Fire Effects Information System", "author": "Michelle D. Anderson", "published_date": "2002-05", "url": "https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/pinedu", "page_updated": null, "retrieved_utc": "2026-10-02T08:43:12.917205+00:00", "rights": "Factual paraphrases only. Third-party photographs on these pages are not licensed or reused by this guide; government hosting is not a photo rights grant.", "supported_claim_ids": [ "pinus-edulis:trait-1", "glossary:Needle bundle / fascicle" ] }, { "id": "ecfr-prairie-dog", "title": "50 CFR 17.11: Endangered and threatened wildlife", "publisher": "Office of the Federal Register / Government Publishing Office", "author": null, "published_date": null, "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-50/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-17/subpart-B/section-17.11", "page_updated": "Title 50 current through 2026-09-30", "retrieved_utc": "2026-10-02", "rights": "U.S. federal regulatory text; factual listing paraphrase only.", "supported_claim_ids": [ "cynomys-parvidens:status" ] } ] }